Table 4.
Multivariate socio-demographic predictors of lifetime and 12-month panic disorder within race/ethnicity
| Total sample
|
African Americans
|
Caribbean Blacks Lifetime (n = 1,710) | Non-Hispanic whites
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime (n = 11,712) | 12 Months (n = 11,712) | Lifetime (n = 3,602) | 12 Months (n = 3,431) | Lifetime (n = 6,696) | 12 Months (n = 6,696) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| African Americans | 0.4 (0.3–0.5)*** | 0.4 (0.3–0.6)*** | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Caribbean blacks | 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* | 0.5 (0.1–2.1) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Non-Hispanic whites | 1.0 | 1.0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 18–34 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 35–54 | 1.4 (1.1–1.9)* | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.2) | 1.3 (0.6–2.9) | 3.4 (1.1–10.0)* | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) |
| 55+ | 0.6 (0.4–0.9)** | 0.4 (0.2–0.6)*** | 0.3 (0.1–0.8)* | .3 (0.1–0.9)* | 0.8 (0.1–6.5) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9)* | 0.4 (0.2–0.7)** |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)*** | 0.5 (0.4–0.7)*** | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | .5 (0.3–0.9)* | 1.5 (0.4–5.0) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)*** | 0.5 (0.4–0.8)*** |
| Female | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Employment status | |||||||
| Employed | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Unemployed | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 1.1 (0.5–2.2) | 1.4 (0.7–2.7)* | 0.4 (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) |
| Not in labor force | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0)** | 2.0 (1.1–3.6)* | 2.2 (1.3–3.8)** | 2.5 (0.9–7.0) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0)* |
| Education | 1.0 (0.98–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.8 (0.8–1.0)*** | 1.03 (0.99–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.5 (1.1–2.0)*** | 2.1 (1.5–3.1)*** | 1.1 (0.7–2.0) | 1.7 (0.8–3.7) | 1.1 (0.2–5.7) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1)*** | 2.1 (1.5–3.1)*** |
| Never married | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | 3.7 (1.4–9.7)* | 0.9 (0.5–1.2) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) |
| Married/partner | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Income categories | |||||||
| Poverty line or lower | 1.7 (1.1–2.6)* | 1.8 (1.0–3.2) | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | 3.6 (0.5–29.0) | 1.7 (1.0–2.8)* | 1.9 (0.9–3.7) |
| 1× to 3× Poverty line | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8)* | 2.0 (0.4–0.9) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) |
| 3× to 6× Poverty line | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.3 | 0.1 (0.0–0.6)* | 1.0 (0.2–6.8) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) |
| 6× Poverty line | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Data are reported as odds ratio (95 % confidence interval)
The 95 % confidence intervals have been adjusted for stratification, clustering and weighting of the data. All logistic regression models controlled for region. Country of origin and Nativity were controlled in the Caribbean Black logistic regression model of lifetime PD 12-Month results for Caribbean blacks were not reported due to low sample size (n = 28 met criteria)
*
p < 0.05 by a two-sided test;
**
p = <0.01 level;
***
p < 0.001 level