Table 1.
—Characteristics of Selected Participants by Race/Ethnicity Group (N = 6,456)
| Variable | No. | Non-Hispanic White (n = 4,554) | Mexican American (n = 1,902) | P Value |
| Age, y | < .0001 | |||
| Mean | 6,456 | 57.4 (0.5) | 52.6 (0.3) | |
| ≤ 55 | 2,317 | 49.3 (1.8) | 65.7 (1.2) | |
| 56-70 | 2,110 | 32.0 (1.2) | 27.5 (1.1) | |
| > 70 | 2,029 | 18.7 (1.1) | 6.8 (0.6) | |
| Male sex | 3,126 | 46.9 (0.8) | 48.7 (1.1) | .24 |
| Country of birth | < .0001 | |||
| United States or another country | 5,636 | 99.9 (0.1) | 55.8 (3.0) | |
| Mexico | 810 | a | 44.2 (3.0) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | < .0001 | |||
| ≤ 18.5 | 101 | 1.7 (0.2) | 4 (0.1) | |
| 18.6-25 | 2,150 | 37.0 (1.2) | 24.1 (1.3) | |
| 25.1-30 | 2,533 | 36.9 (1.0) | 39.5 (1.2) | |
| > 30 | 1,662 | 24.4 (1.1) | 36.0 (1.4) | |
| Education, y | < .0001 | |||
| < 12 | 2,873 | 24.5 (1.5) | 64.8 (2.7) | |
| ≥ 12 | 3,546 | 75.5 (1.5) | 35.2 (2.7) | |
| Family income-to-poverty ratio | < .0001 | |||
| < 1.00 | 921 | 6.0 (0.6) | 29.3 (1.6) | |
| ≥ 1.00 | 4,900 | 94.0 (0.6) | 77 (1.6) | |
| Access to health care | 5,517 | 86.5 (1.0) | 75.7 (1.6) | < .0001 |
| Language at interview | < .0001 | |||
| English | 5,464 | 99.9 (0.1) | 53.7 (3.0) | |
| Spanish | 979 | a | 46.3 (3.0) | |
| Self-reported asthma | 431 | 7.7 (0.5) | 6.0 (0.7) | .04 |
| Smoking status | < .0001 | |||
| Never smoker | 2,890 | 40.2 (1.0) | 49.2 (1.0) | |
| Former smoker | 2,355 | 37.8 (1.0) | 38 (1.0) | |
| Current smoker | 1,211 | 22.1 (1.0) | 20 (1.1) | |
| Pack-y of smoking | < .0001 | |||
| Mean | 3,282 | 30.4 (0.7) | 18.4 (1.5) | |
| < 1 | 2,923 | 42.4 (0.9) | 52.3 (1.1) | |
| 1-19 | 1,538 | 25.9 (0.7) | 32.1 (0.9) | |
| ≥ 20 | 1,711 | 31.7 (0.9) | 15.7 (1.2) | |
| Secondhand smoking | 2,253 | 41.2 (1.6) | 36.9 (1.8) | .06 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 3,031 | 39.4 (1.1) | 34.0 (1.4) | .0006 |
| Heart attack | 510 | 6.2 (0.5) | 3.7 (0.5) | .0003 |
| Chronic heart failure | 346 | 3.1 (0.2) | 4.8 (0.4) | < .0001 |
| Stroke | 283 | 3.3 (0.3) | 1.8 (0.2) | .0002 |
| Diabetes | 749 | 7.3 (0.5) | 14.2 (0.8) | < .0001 |
| Cancer | 420 | 6.3 (0.4) | 2.3 (0.5) | < .0001 |
| Living in urban area | 2,678 | 43.7 (4.8) | 56.0 (5.9) | .04 |
| High-risk industry | 2,614 | 36.6 (1.5) | 44.2 (1.4) | .0003 |
| High-risk occupation | 1,817 | 22.0 (1.0) | 35.2 (1.4) | < .0001 |
| Shortness of breath | 1,898 | 29.6 (1.3) | 28.0 (1.5) | .38 |
| FEV1, mL | 6,456 | 2,805 (27) | 2,832 (18) | .36 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 6,456 | 93 (0.5) | 97 (0.4) | < .0001 |
| FEV1/FVC | 6,456 | 0.74 (0.002) | 78 (0.002) | < .0001 |
Data are presented as weighted % (SE) for categorical variables and as weighted mean (SE) for continuous variables. Percents do not sum up 100% for some variables because of rounding. Missing data: country of birth, 10; BMI, 10; education, 37; family income-to-poverty ratio, 635; access to health care, 1; language spoken at interview, 13; lifetime asthma status, 1; pack-y smoked, 284; secondhand smoke exposure, 4; heart attack, 80, diabetes, 7, shortness of breath, 34. Data from NHANES III, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), National Center for Health Statistics.18
This estimate does not meet the standard statistical reliability and precision (relative SE ≥ 30%).