Table 1.

Critical issues, potential options and decisions made in designing the cognitive debriefings

Sample
Participants	• One facility versus multiple facilities
	• Sampling criteria for individuals
Items	• All questionnaire items versus selected items
	• Item selection criteria
Data collection
Technique	• Think-aloud
	• Verbal probing
	• Vignettes, card sorts, field-based probes
Details	• Concurrent probing versus retrospective probing
	• Standardized probes versus free-form probes (combination used in this study)
	• Proactive probing versus reactive probing (combination used in this study)
	• Individual interviews versus focus groups
	• Face-to-face interviews versus telephone interviews
Documentation	• Tape recording versus field protocol (combination used in this study)
Analysis
Details	• Interview data versus field protocols (combination used in this study)
	• Literal transcription versus condensed statements
	• Deductive analysis using a predefined coding scheme versus inductive development of the codes (combination used in this study)
	• Frequency of problems per question versus type and quality of problem(s) (combination used in this study)

Note: Boldface indicates the options chosen in this study.