Table 3.
Sampling criteria
| General | |
|---|---|
| Language skills |
• Native language not German and moderate German language skills |
| • Native language not German and good German language skills | |
| • Native language German | |
| Job experience |
• Little: <1 year |
| • Moderate: 1–4 years | |
| • High: 5–9 Years | |
| • Very high >10 years | |
| General education1 |
• Haupt-/Volksschule (lowest school level, ends after the 9th grade) |
| • Realschule (Intermediate school level, ends after the 10th grade) | |
| • Vocational training | |
| • Gymnasium (highest school level, ends after the 12th or 13th grade) | |
| • Academic degree | |
|
Provider group specific |
|
| Health care aides1 |
• No HCA training |
| • HCA training | |
| Registered nurses2 |
• Geriatric nurse |
| • Adult acute care nurse | |
| Allied health providers |
• Therapist with academic training |
| • Therapist with vocational training | |
| • Assistant with no vocational training | |
| Specialists |
• Quality manager |
| • Clinical specialist | |
| Managers | • Facility instructor |
| • Nursing director | |
| • Unit leader |
1In Germany HCAs can take one year of training and obtain an HCA degree, either for the care of elderly persons, for adult acute care or for pediatric care; only a few pediatric HCAs work in nursing homes, with none in this sample.
2In Germany there are three setting-specific registered nursing degrees: geriatric nurse for the care of elderly persons, adult acute care nurse and pediatric nurse; only a few pediatric nurses work in nursing homes, with none in this sample.