Table 6.
Levels of perceived expressed emotion and other psychological measures in patients with different psychiatric diagnoses.
| Instrument | Schizophrenia n = 118 M ± SD |
Psychotic disorders n = 50 M ± SD |
Unipolar disorder n = 48 M ± SD |
Bipolar disorder n = 12 M ± SD |
One-way ANOVA test F, df, and P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEE (50–200)a | 119.45 ± 23.65 | 121.47 ± 20.33 | 132.88 ± 20.54 | 111.01 ± 18.15 | 5.21, 259, 0.01 |
| Intrusiveness/hostility (12–48) | 30.43 ± 10.10 | 32.24 ± 10.87 | 30.52 ± 10.10 | 26.38 ± 9.80 | 5.98, 258, 0.005 |
| Attitudes towards patient (13–52) | 28.87 ± 9.89 | 26.69 ± 10.76 | 30.88 ± 9.12 | 27.54 ± 9.38 | 4.57, 258, 0.04 |
| Tolerance (12–48) | 26.61 ± 11.41 | 26.77 ± 11.89 | 27.50 ± 10.34 | 26.32 ± 10.02 | 3.83, 258, 0.12 |
| Emotional involvement (13–52) | 33.54 ± 10.06 | 35.77 ± 10.57 | 34.98 ± 12.11 | 30.77 ± 10.80 | 5.17, 258, 0.01 |
| BPRS-positive symptomsb (0–48) | 24.98 ± 8.57 | 25.33 ± 9.81 | 15.51 ± 6.40 | 18.01 ± 8.11 | 6.10, 258, 0.005 |
| BDI (0–63) | 18.21 ± 8.90 | 19.01 ± 7.88 | 22.21 ± 9.98 | 21.65 ± 9.65 | 4.33, 258, 0.05 |
| BAI (0–63) | 27.91 ± 9.10 | 29.05 ± 10.54 | 30.56 ± 11.03 | 31.01 ± 10.51 | 3.45, 258, 0.15 |
| FAD (60–240) | 154.98 ± 23.67 | 145.33 ± 24.79 | 177.30 ± 19.12 | 149.58 ± 24.01 | 5.10, 259, 0.01 |
| FBIS (0–50) | 10.75 ± 6.02 | 10.69 ± 6.59 | 10.17 ± 6.85 | 10.01 ± 7.08 | 3.95, 259, 0.08 |
LEE: level of expression emotion scale; BPRS: brief psychiatric rating scale; BDI: beck depression inventory-II; BAI: beck anxiety inventory; FAD: family assessment device; FBIS: family burden interview schedule.
aPossible range of scores of the total scale or its subscales in the parentheses.
bMean score calculated with 8 items of the BPRS from thought disturbance and disorganization subscales [26].