Table 1.

Summary of studies on biomarkers for predicting response to targeted therapies for mRCC

Marker	Author	Sensitivity/ specificity	Method	Medication	Applicability
Carbonic anhydrase IX	Bui et al. 2003	NC	Immunohistoc hemistry, Rt-PCR, ELISA	None	Prognostic factor
VEGFR3 polymorphism: rs307826, rs307821	Garcia-Donas, et al. 2011	NC	Single nucleotide polymorphism	Sunitinib	Predictive factor
IL-8 2767TT, HIF1α 1790AG phenotypes	Xu et al. 2011	NC	Sequencing	Pazopanib	Predictive factor
CD45dimCD34+VE GFR2+7AAD-	Farace et al. 2011	NC	Flow cytometry	Sunitinib	Clinical efficacy
CD146+	Gruenwald et al. 2010	NC	Flow cytometry	Sunitinib	Clinical efficacy
VHL mutation/methylation	Rini et al. 2006	NC	PCR, DNA sequencing	Interferon-α + Bevacizumab	Predictive factor
VEGFR-3	Rini et al. 2008 Escudier et al, 2009 DePrimo et al, 2007	NC	ELISA ELISA	Sunitinib Sorafenib Sunitinib	Clinical efficacy Prognostic factor
VEGF-C	Rini et al. 2008	NC	ELISA	Sunitinib	Clinical efficacy
VEGFR-2	Escudier et al, 2009 DePrimo et al, 2007	NC	ELISA ELISA	Sunitinib Sunitinib	Prognostic factor
VEGF	Escudier et al, 2009 Pena et al, 2010 Porta et al, 2010 DePrimo et al, 2007	NC	ELISA ELISA ELISA ELISA	Sunitinib Sorafenib Sunitinib Sunitinib	Prognostic factor Prognostic/Predictive factor Prognostic factors
SAA	Vermaat et al, 2012	59% / 77%	ELISA	Sunitinib Sorafenib	Prognostic factor
NGAL	Perrin et al, 2011	NC	ELISA	Sunitinib	Prognostic factor
ESR	Zhang et al, 2011	NC	Westegren	Sorafenib	Predictive factor
MMP-9	Perez-Garcia et al, 2009	55.6% / 75%	ELISA	Sunitinib	Prognostic factor
TNFα	Perez-Garcia et al, 2009	88% / 75%	ELISA	Sunitinib	Prognostic factor
Hepatocyte growth factor, IL-8, OPN, TIMP-1)	Tran et al, 2012	NC	ELISA	Pazopanib	Prognostic factor
OPN, VEGF, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), ColIV and sVEGFR2	Zurita et al, 2012	NC	Multiplex bead array, ELISA	Sorafenib	Predictive factor
LDH	Armstronge et al, 2012	NC		Temsirolimus	Predictive factor
Cholesterol	Lee et al, 2012	NC		Temsirolimus	Predictive factor