Table 1.
Patient Baseline, Operative, and Postoperative Characteristics
| Complex Cytoreductive Cohorts |
Staging Cohorts |
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Cohorts |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Enhanced Recovery (n=81) |
Historic Controls (n=78) |
P | Enhanced Recovery (n=84) |
Historic Controls (n=80) |
P | Enhance Recovery (n=76) |
Historic Controls (n=77) |
P |
| Age (y) | 64.3 (57.5–70.4) | 65.1 (61–71.3) | .15 | 62.2 (50–70.9) | 61.7 (53–71.7) | .96 | 66.2 (57.8–73.6) | 66.6 (58–72.7) | .53 |
| ASA physical status 3 or more | 30 (37) | 32 (41) | .61 | 32 (38.1) | 30 (37.5) | .94 | 12 (15.8) | 14 (18.2) | .69 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 (23–30.6) | 28 (24.1–33.4) | .066 | 30.7 (26.1–36.7) | 30.5 (26.1–37.1) | .67 | 27.2 (24.4–30.4) | 26.1 (23.6–31.3) | .64 |
| Operative time (min) | 227 (163–346) | 278 (202–346) | .059 | 151 (114–211) | 177 (140–220) | .042 | 125 (94–171) | 125 (104–149) | .58 |
| Estimated blood loss (mL) | 700 (400–1,100) | 800 (500–1,400) | .11 | 300 (200–525) | 450 (300–625) | >.001 | 100 (50–200) | 150 (100–250) | .019 |
| Intraoperative red blood cell transfusion | 46 (56.8) | 46 (59) | .78 | 14 (16.7) | 13 (16.3) | .94 | 1(1.3) | 0 (0) | .50 |
| Wound type | .031 | .073 | .37 | ||||||
| I (clean) | 18 (22.2) | 6 (7.7) | 14 (16.7) | 6 (7.5) | 3 (3.9) | 1 (1.3) | |||
| II (clean-contaminated) | 59 (72.8) | 69 (88.5) | 70 (83.3) | 74 (92.5) | 73 (96.1) | 76 (98.7) | |||
| III (contaminated) | 4 (4.9) | 3 (3.8) | — | — | — | — | |||
| Bowel resection | 37 (45.7) | 38 (48.7) | .70 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Small bowel resection | 14 (17.3) | 10 (12.8) | .43 | ||||||
| Large bowel resection | 32 (39.5) | 35 (44.9) | .49 | ||||||
| Preoperative hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.1 (11.3–13.2) | 12.8 (11.5–13.7) | .10 | 12.4 (11.4–13.7) | 13.1 (12.5–13.9) | .015 | 13.6 (12.8–14.2) | 13.3 (12.7–14.1) | .42 |
| Postoperative day 1 hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.9 (9.1–10.8) | 10.5 (9.7–11.2) | .018 | 9.8 (9–11) | 10.4 (9.7–11.1) | .17 | 11.4 (10.6–11.9) | 11 (10.2–11.6) | .025 |
| Preoperative use of opioids | 20 (24.7) | 9 (11.5) | .032 | 17 (20.2) | 8 (10) | .068 | 12 (15.8) | 8 (10.4) | .32 |
| Oral morphine equivalent (mg) | 45 (45–96) | 42.5 (25–52.5) | .086 | 45 (30–75) | 40 (10–90) | .86 | 30 (25–70) | 45 (37.5–67.5) | .49 |
| Greater than 60 mg oral morphine equivalents | 6 (7.4) | 0 (0) | .029 | 5 (6) | 2 (2.5) | .44 | 2 (2.7) | 1 (1.3) | .62 |
| Patient pain comfort goal* | 4 (3–4) | 4 (3–4) | .90 | 4 (2–4) | 3 (3–4) | .78 | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | .072 |
| Early discharge plan score | 6 (4–7) | 6 (4–7) | .75 | 4 (4–7) | 6 (4–8.5) | .042 | 6 (4–6) | 6 (4–9) | .086 |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index.
Data are n (%) or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified.
*
The level of pain in a scale from 1 to 10 below which the patient considers as tolerable. Patients were asked to report their personal pain comfort goal in the preoperative period.