Table 3. Comparisons of demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data in examinees between dead or alive during the follow-up period.
| Alive | N = 596 | Dead | N = 97 | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 73.39 | (7.66) | 82.15 | (8.82) | <0.001 |
| Sex (Female) | 311 | (52.20) | 41 | (42.30) | 0.070 |
| Body mass index(Kg/m2) | 24.25 | (3.13) | 23.00 | (3.48) | 0.001 |
| Height (Cm) | 157.68 | (0.05) | 158.36 | (9.68) | 0.530 |
| Muscle mass (Kg) | 40.04 | (7.62) | 39.49 | (8.53) | 0.551 |
| ASM/ht2 (Kg/m2) | 11.97 | (1.23) | 11.67 | (1.45) | 0.081 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 132.30 | (17.16) | 133.54 | (19.87) | 0.563 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 83.22 | (10.47) | 82.38 | (12.48) | 0.476 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 58 | (9.70) | 10 | (10.3) | 0.859 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 276 | (46.30) | 47 | (48.50) | 0.695 |
| Cancer history | 42 | (7.00) | 9 | (9.30) | 0.435 |
| Hypertension | 420 | (70.50) | 70 | (72.20) | 0.734 |
| Diabetes | 147 | (24.70) | 28 | (28.90) | 0.377 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.94 | (1.43) | 13.12 | (1.39) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.13 | (0.23) | 4.04 | (0.29) | 0.004 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 203.36 | (38.25) | 192.15 | (33.55) | 0.007 |
| HDL-cholesterol(mg/dL) | 60.48 | (15.00) | 58.99 | (15.83) | 0.371 |
| Folate (ng/mL) | 13.81 | (17.29) | 11.57 | (12.84) | 0.222 |
| Hemoglobin A1C (g/dL) | 6.05 | (0.84) | 6.03 | (0.86) | 0.851 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.10 | (0.23) | 1.26 | (0.53) | 0.005 |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 18.69 | (12.68) | 23.45 | (15.53) | 0.005 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 118.84 | (122.78) | 121.63 | (93.27) | 0.832 |
| C-reactive protein(mg/dL) | 0.23 | (0.72) | 0.26 | (0.57) | 0.728 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.84 | (0.37) | 0.82 | (0.40) | 0.757 |
| ALT (mg/dL) | 23.29 | (18.17) | 18.58 | (10.47) | 0.014 |
| AST (mg/dL) | 26.21 | (16.74) | 24.59 | (7.89) | 0.354 |
| ALP (mg/dL) | 75.68 | (24.06) | 84.59 | (32.76) | 0.012 |
| SPPB, Balance | 3.44 | (0.97) | 2.78 | (1.34) | <0.001 |
| SPPB, Walking speed | 2.93 | (1.03) | 2.29 | (1.16) | <0.001 |
| SPPB, Seat standing | 2.73 | (1.20) | 2.01 | (1.24) | <0.001 |
| 12-total SPPB score | 2.78 | (2.58) | 4.91 | (3.13) | <0.001 |
| K-ADL score | 7.11 | (0.74) | 7.60 | (1.92) | 0.016 |
| K-IADL score | 12.37 | (3.96) | 15.77 | (5.60) | <0.001 |
| GDS-K score | 10.77 | (7.26) | 12.01 | (6.69) | 0.125 |
| K-MMSE score | 24.17 | (4.10) | 20.63 | (6.50) | <0.001 |
| Education (years) | 7.81 | (5.68) | 7.25 | (5.65) | 0.371 |
| CHS frailty index | 1.19 | (1.06) | 1.72 | (1.01) | <0.001 |
| SOF frailty index | 0.69 | (0.64) | 0.59 | (0.63) | 0.457 |
| KLoSHA frailty index | 0.25 | (0.10) | 0.34 | (0.15) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: ASM/ht2-appendicular skeletal muscle mass per square meter height, BP-blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, ESR-erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ALT-alanine aminotransferase, AST-aspartate aminotransferase, ALP-alkaline phosphatase, SPPB-Short Physical Performance Battery, K-ADL score-Korean Activity of Daily Living score, K-IADL score-Korean Instrumental Activity of Daily Living score, GDS-K score-Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale score, K-MMSE score- the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination score, CHS-Cardiovascular Health Study, SOF-Study of Osteoporotic Fracture, KLoSHA-Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging.
Data are presented as the mean (SD) or number (%).