Table 1.
Population Characteristics
| Covariates | 25(OH)D, ng/mL |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≤21 (7473) | >21 (7157) | ||
| Age, ya | 45 (44.7, 46) | 46 (45, 47) | .5 |
| Females, n, % | 3961 (54) | 3622 (49) | <.0001 |
| Homocysteine, μmol/litera | 9.01 (8.8, 9.2) | 8.6 (8.4, 8.7) | <.001 |
| Race, n, % | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 2447 (55) | 4989 (85) | <.0001 |
| Mexican American | 1897 (11) | 1218 (5) | <.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2507 (21) | 509 (3) | <.0001 |
| Other Hispanics | 272 (5) | 233 (4) | .004 |
| Other race | 350 (8) | 208 (3) | <.0001 |
| Hypertension, n, %b | 2993 (38) | 2528 (33) | <.0001 |
| CRP, mg/dLa | 0.5 (0.46, 0.53) | 0.37 (0.35, 0.39) | <.001 |
| Serum glucose, mg/dL | 99 (98, 100) | 93.5 (93, 94) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2a | 29.7 (29.4, 29.9) | 27.2 (26.9, 27.4) | <.001 |
| Smoker, n, % (current and ever) | 1352 (23) | 1142 (19) | .001 |
| GFR, ml/min·m2a | 100 (98, 101) | 93 (92, 94) | <.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dLa | 199 (197, 201) | 201 (200, 202) | .02 |
| Vitamin B12, pg/mLa | 502 (482, 521) | 560 (535, 586) | <.001 |
| Serum folate, ng/mLa | 12 (11.7, 13) | 15.4 (15, 16) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: GFR, glomerular filtration rate, measured using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Because of rounding, not all percentages total 100.
a
Variable reported as mean values with 95% CIs.
b
Hypertension is defined as average systolic BP greater than 140 mm Hg or average diastolic BP greater than 90 mm Hg or individuals ever told they had hypertension or if participants were taking an antihypertensive.