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. 2014 Feb 5;34(6):2231–2243. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1619-13.2014

Figure 8.

Figure 8.

The effect of each cytokine on neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. Neurospheres were incubated for differentiation period suitable for neurons (7 d) or oligodendrocytes (11 d) in the presence of each single cytokine (rIL-1β, rIL-6, rTNF-α, or rIFN-γ) at 1–10 ng/ml. Neurospheres were stained for β3-tubulin (green), O4 (green), followed by TOTO3 (cyan). A, Quantification of the effects of cytokines on neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. IL-1β and IFN-γ significantly enhanced neurogenesis at 1 ng/ml. IL-1β and IL-6 enhanced oligodendrogenesis at 10 ng/ml. *p < 0.05 versus control (Tukey's test by ANOVA). **p < 0.01 versus control (Tukey's test by ANOVA). n = 8 neurospheres/group. Data are mean ± SEM. B, Representative images of neurospheres immunostained for β3-tubulin and O4 after differentiation in the presence of the cytokine. C, The effect of each cytokine (10 ng/ml) on cell viability. They did not affect cell viability at 10 ng/ml. The same results were obtained in two independent experiments.