Table 1.
Distribution of Enzymes Constituting the Classical MK Pathway, the Futalosine Pathway, and UbiC in the Predicted Proteomes of Prokaryotes
| Phylum | Number of Proteomes | Quinone Typea | Classical MK Pathway |
Futalosine Pathway |
UK Biosynthesis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MenF | MenB | MenC | MqnA | MqnC | MqnD | UbiC | |||
| Crenarchaeota | 30 | MK/SQ/CQ/BDTQ | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |||
| Euryarchaeota | 62 | —/MK | 12 | 14 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Korarchaeota | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||
| Nanoarchaeota | 1 | — | |||||||
| Thaumarchaeota | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Acidobacteria | 5 | MK | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||
| Actinobacteria | 122 | MK | 89 | 90 | 89 | 15 | 15 | 16 | |
| Aquificae | 9 | —/MTQ | 9 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| Bacteroidetes | 46 | MK | 35 | 35 | 34 | 7 | 4 | 4 | |
| Chlamydiae | 16 | MK | 2 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 14 | 14 | |
| Chlorobi | 11 | MK/ChQ | 11 | 11 | 11 | ||||
| Chloroflexi | 15 | MK | 8 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Chrysiogenetes | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Cyanobacteria | 38 | MK/PhQ/PQ/α-TQ | 37 | 37 | 37 | ||||
| Deferribacteres | 3 | — | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||
| Deinococcus-Thermus | 12 | MK | 1 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | ||
| Dictyoglomi | 2 | — | |||||||
| Elusimicrobia | 2 | ND | |||||||
| Fibrobacteres | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Firmicutes | 251 | MK/DMK | 88 | 94 | 69 | 24 | 25 | 16 | |
| Fusobacteria | 5 | —/ND | |||||||
| Gemmatimonadetes | 1 | MK | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Nitrospirae | 2 | MK | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Planctomycetes | 5 | MK | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||
| Proteobacteria | 574 | MK/DMK/UQ/RQ | 210 | 190 | 182 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 303 |
| Spirochaetes | 22 | — | 1 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||
| Synergistetes | 2 | — | |||||||
| Tenericutes | 35 | — | |||||||
| Thermobaculum | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Thermotogae | 11 | — | 1 | ||||||
| Verrucomicrobia | 4 | MK | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
Note.—α-TQ, α-tocopherol quinone; BDTQ, benzodithiophenoquinone; ChQ, chlorobiumquinone; CQ, caldariellaquinone; DMK, demethylmenaquinone; MK, menaquinone; MTQ, menathioquinone; PhQ, phylloquinone; PQ, plastoquinone; RQ, rhodoquinone; SQ, sulfolobusquinone; UQ, ubiquinone; ND, not detected; —, unknown.
aThe data about the types of quinone collected from references (Collins and Jones 1981; Nowicka and Kruk 2010; Krieg et al. 2011).