Table 2.
MNBN and MNMONO T lymphocytes measured in cord blood (n = 623) by sociodemographic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors: descriptive statistics (mean ± SD).
| Covariates | n (%) | MNBNa | MNMONOa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | |||
| United Kingdom | 143 (22.9) | 0.55 ± 0.74 | 0.04 ± 0.14 |
| Greece | 232 (37.2) | 1.79 ± 1.50 | 0.62 ± 0.71 |
| Denmark | 142 (22.7) | 0.70 ± 0.58 | 0.17 ± 0.58 |
| Spain | 70 (11.2) | 1.00 ± 1.00 | 0.20 ± 0.45 |
| Norway | 36 (5.77) | 1.16 ± 0.92 | 0.11 ± 0.42 |
| Maternal age (years) | |||
| ≤ 27 | 170 (27.2) | 1.31 ± 1.26 | 0.34 ± 0.59 |
| 28–30 | 131 (21.0) | 1.11 ± 1.36 | 0.27 ± 0.53 |
| 31–32 | 96 (15.4) | 1.11 ± 1.09 | 0.34 ± 0.61 |
| 33–35 | 109 (17.4) | 1.17 ± 1.34 | 0.37 ± 0.73 |
| ≥ 36 | 112 (17.9) | 0.85 ± 0.84 | 0.21 ± 0.55 |
| Unknown | 5 (0.80) | 1.15 ± 1.43 | 0.20 ± 0.38 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m3) | |||
| ≤ 18.5 (underweight) | 27 (4.33) | 1.44 ± 1.19 | 0.39 ± 0.51 |
| 18.6–25.0 (normal) | 316 (50.7) | 1.20 ± 1.19 | 0.33 ± 0.65 |
| 25.1–30.0 (overweight) | 112 (17.9) | 1.27±1.36 | 0.25 ± 0.44 |
| > 30 (obese) | 78 (12.5) | 1.07 ± 1.28 | 0.47 ± 0.78 |
| Unknown | 90 (14.4) | 0.68 ± 0.92 | 0.13 ± 0.32 |
| Birth weight (g) | |||
| Normal (≥ 2,500) | 601 (96.4) | 1.13 ± 1.22 | 0.31 ± 0.60 |
| Low (< 2,500) | 17 (2.72) | 1.24 ± 0.88 | 0.37 ± 0.49 |
| Unknown | 5 (0.80) | 1.32 ± 1.83 | 0.19 ± 0.38 |
| Child sex | |||
| Male | 315 (50.5) | 1.10 ± 1.22 | 0.32 ± 0.63 |
| Female | 306 (49.1) | 1.16 ± 1.21 | 0.30 ± 0.57 |
| Unknown | 2 (0.32) | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| Maternal ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 522 (83.7) | 1.21 ± 1.26 | 0.35 ± 0.64 |
| Others | 93 (14.9) | 0.72 ± 0.86 | 0.08 ± 0.28 |
| Unknown | 8 (1.28) | 0.44 ± 0.45 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | |||
| < 37 | 29 (4.65) | 1.32 ± 1.62 | 0.30 ± 0.38 |
| ≥ 37 | 592 (95.0) | 1.12 ± 1.19 | 0.31 ± 0.61 |
| Unknown | 2 (0.32) | 1.22 ± 1.13 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| Delivery | |||
| Vaginal | 287 (46.0) | 1.24 ± 1.26 | 0.35 ± 0.67 |
| Caesarean | 334 (53.6) | 1.04 ± 1.17 | 0.27 ± 0.54 |
| Unknown | 2 (0.32) | 0.48 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | |||
| None | 470 (75.4) | 1.06 ± 1.16 | 0.27 ± 0.58 |
| Any | 136 (21.8) | 1.39 ± 1.37 | 0.47 ± 0.66 |
| Unknown | 17 (2.72) | 0.89 ± 1.07 | 0.09 ± 0.25 |
| ETS exposure during pregnancy | |||
| None | 285 (45.7) | 0.91 ± 0.91 | 0.18 ± 0.48 |
| Any | 231 (37.0) | 1.26 ± 1.43 | 0.39 ± 0.68 |
| Unknown | 107 (17.1) | 1.45 ± 1.32 | 0.46 ± 0.65 |
| Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ETS, environmental tobacco smoke. aNumber per 1,000 binucleated or mononucleated T lymphocytes. | |||