Table 3.
Relative difference in the frequency of MNBN and MNMONO T lymphocytes [mean ratio (MRa)] by category of exposure biomarkers estimated by negative binomial regression.
| Exposure biomarker (unit) and category | n (%) | MNBNbMR (95% CI) | p‑Valuec | MNMONObMR (95% CI) | p‑Valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrylamide–Hb adducts (pmol/g Hb) | 0.468 | 0.873 | |||
| ≤ 10.2 | 95 (20.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 10.3–13.9 | 93 (19.9) | 1.06 (0.83, 1.35) | 0.79 (0.48, 1.30) | ||
| 14.0–18.4 | 94 (20.1) | 1.00 (0.78, 1.28) | 0.98 (0.62, 1.55) | ||
| 18.5–27.8 | 93 (19.9) | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 0.87 (0.53, 1.43) | ||
| > 27.8 | 92 (19.7) | 1.24 (0.92, 1.68) | 0.83 (0.46, 1.48) | ||
| Total | 467 (100) | ||||
| Glycidamide–Hb adducts (pmol/g Hb) | 0.079 | 0.429 | |||
| ≤ 7.4 | 91 (19.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 7.5–9.5 | 97 (20.7) | 1.05 (0.83, 1.35) | 1.17 (0.71, 1.94) | ||
| 9.6–13.1 | 93 (19.9) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 1.10 (0.67, 1.82) | ||
| 13.2–18.5 | 95 (20.3) | 0.77 (0.58, 1.02) | 0.74 (0.42, 1.31) | ||
| > 18.5 | 91 (19.4) | 1.03 (0.76, 1.40) | 0.79 (0.44, 1.41) | ||
| Total | 467 (100) | ||||
| Ethylene oxide–Hb adducts (pmol/g Hb) | 0.336 | 0.676 | |||
| ≤ 6.3 | 89 (19.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 6.4–8.5 | 94 (20.5) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.58) | 0.95 (0.55, 1.65) | ||
| 8.6–11.5 | 93 (20.3) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.59) | 1.12 (0.64, 1.96) | ||
| 11.6–16.8 | 91 (19.9) | 1.08 (0.83, 1.41) | 1.19 (0.70, 2.03) | ||
| > 16.8 | 90 (19.6) | 1.01 (0.76, 1.33) | 1.39 (0.81, 2.38) | ||
| Total | 457 (100) | ||||
| PAH–DNA adducts (per 108 nucleotides) | 0.133 | 0.724 | |||
| ≤ 6.3 | 85 (24.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 6.4–8.5 | 87 (25.1) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.18) | 0.97 (0.62, 1.53) | ||
| 8.6–11.5 | 87 (25.1) | 0.74 (0.56, 0.97) | 1.20 (0.71, 2.01) | ||
| 11.6–16.8 | 87 (25.1) | 0.98 (0.76, 1.28) | 0.89 (0.57, 1.41) | ||
| Total | 346 (100) | ||||
| Bulky DNA adducts (per 108 nucleotides) | 0.096 | 0.757 | |||
| ≤ 4.60 | 77 (25.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4.70–7.90 | 73 (24.0) | 1.20 (0.91, 1.59) | 0.75 (0.37, 1.54) | ||
| 8.00–14.78 | 77 (25.4) | 0.90 (0.68, 1.20) | 0.78 (0.41, 1.49) | ||
| > 14.78 | 76 (25.0) | 0.85 (0.64, 1.14) | 0.72 (0.40, 1.30) | ||
| Total | 303 (100) | ||||
| M1dG (per 108 nucleotides) | 0.024 | 0.761 | |||
| ≤ 12.02 | 94 (24.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 12.03–37.78 | 95 (24.9) | 1.16 (0.91, 1.49) | 0.99 (0.66, 1.49) | ||
| 37.79–83.75 | 96 (25.1) | 1.29 (0.99, 1.67) | 1.18 (0.74, 1.88) | ||
| > 83.75 | 96 (25.1) | 0.89 (0.69, 1.15) | 0.90 (0.58, 1.41) | ||
| Total | 381 (100) | ||||
| O6-MedG (per 108 nucleotides) | 0.539 | 0.111 | |||
| ≤ 0.076 | 133 (35.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 0.077–0.389 | 79 (21.1) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) | 0.88 (0.60, 1.29) | ||
| 0.390–0.810 | 81 (21.6) | 1.16 (0.93, 1.45) | 1.08 (0.73, 1.61) | ||
| > 0.810 | 81 (21.6) | 1.06 (0.85, 1.34) | 1.50 (1.00, 2.24) | ||
| Total | 374 (100) | ||||
| AR CALUX® (ng DHT AEQ/mL plasma) | 0.103 | 0.002 | |||
| ≤ 0.086 | 65 (25.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 0.087–0.118 | 63 (24.3) | 1.46 (1.07, 2.00) | 2.17 (0.99, 4.74) | ||
| 0.119–0.151 | 67 (25.7) | 1.37 (0.99, 1.92) | 2.63 (1.19, 5.78) | ||
| > 0.151 | 65 (25.0) | 1.38 (0.97, 1.96) | 0.78 (0.28, 2.17) | ||
| Total | 260 (100) | ||||
| ERα CALUX® (ng 17-β-estradiol EEQ/mL plasma) | 0.018 | 0.014 | |||
| ≤ 11.61 | 64 (24.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 11.62–18.41 | 64 (24.8) | 0.66 (0.46, 0.95) | 0.54 (0.25, 1.20) | ||
| 18.42–30.00 | 65 (25.1) | 1.04 (0.77, 1.42) | 1.41 (0.74, 2.70) | ||
| > 30.00 | 65 (25.1) | 1.09 (0.78, 1.51) | 0.57 (0.22, 1.51) | ||
| Total | 258 (100) | ||||
| DR CALUX® (pg TEQ/mL plasma) | 0.182 | 0.355 | |||
| ≤ 0.055 | 73 (29.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 0.056–0.180 | 49 (19.9) | 0.79 (0.55, 1.12) | 1.50 (0.81, 2.77) | ||
| 0.181–0.280 | 63 (25.6) | 1.14 (0.85, 1.54) | 1.10 (0.57, 2.11) | ||
| > 0.281 | 61 (24.7) | 1.12 (0.78, 1.61) | 1.74 (0.83, 3.65) | ||
| Total | 246 (100) | ||||
| aMean ratio adjusted for country, maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, birth weight, sex, maternal ethnicity, gestational age, delivery, maternal smoking, and ETS. bNumber per 1,000 binucleated or mononucleated T lymphocytes. cLog likelihood ratio test. | |||||