Table 1. Malaria severity in relation to HIV status.
| Falciparum malaria | |||
| Malaria severity criteria1 | HIV+ | HIV– | p2 |
| n | 70 | 61 | |
| Hypotension, systolic BP<70 | 0 (0/63) | 2 (1/52) | 0.269 |
| Respiratory distress, RR>30 | 25 (15/61) | 6 (3/52) | 0.006 |
| Hyperpyrexia temp ≥40°C | 6 (3/54) | 12 (6/50) | 0.243 |
| GCS3<11 and/or convulsions | 9 (6/70) | 8 (5/61) | 0.939 |
| Bleeding disturbances and/or haemolysis | 13 (9/70) | 2 (1/61) | 0.016 |
| Jaundice and/or se-bilirubin >43 µmol/L | 17 (13/70) | 5 (3/61) | 0.017 |
| Hb<5 g/dL | 15 (10/67) | 5 (3/55) | 0.092 |
| Se-Glucose ≤2.2 mmol/L | 8 (5/62) | 0 (0/47) | 0.046 |
| Se-Creatinine >265 µmol/L | 24 (15/63) | 7 (3/46) | 0.016 |
| Malaria parasitemia of 4+ or 5+ | 52 (33/64) | 30 (16/53) | 0.020 |
| Malaria severity score (mean and proportion of patients with severe malaria)4 | 1.46 (55/66) | 0.44 (24/52) | <0.001 |
The data are percentage (the proportion of patients with given condition/the patients observed) unless otherwise indicated. Boldface type indicates statistical significance. To convert values for glucose levels to mg/dL, divide by 0.05551; to convert values for creatinine levels to mg/dL, divide by 88.4; and to convert values for bilirubin levels to mg/dL, divide by 17.1.
1
Malaria severity criteria modified from the malaria severity criteria given by the WHO.
2
The p-values are from Chi-squared tests (dichotomous data) and Mann-Whitney tests (malaria severity score).
3
Glascow Coma Scale.
4
Missing data 13 patients.