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. 2014 Feb 5;9(2):e88257. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088257

Table 2. The characteristics of the study population1.

Characteristic Malaria+ HIV+2 Malaria+ HIV- Malaria-HIV+ p3,4 p5
n 70 61 58
Case-fatality rate % (proportion) 13.0 (9/69) 1.7 (1/59) 29.1 (16/55) 0.017 0.030
Age in years, median (range) 40 (20–65) 40 (18–79) 38 (20–84) 0.487 0.233
Females, % (proportion) 50 (35/70) 39 (24/61) 50 (29/58) 0.223 1.0
Duration of symptoms in days, median (range) 8.6 (1–180) 4.2 (1–28) 7 (1–365) 0.191 0.001
Severe HIV6, % (proportion) 59 (41/70) n.a. 83 (48/58) n.a. 0.003
HIV viral load in copies/mL (median) 1.8×104 n.a. 1.3×104 n.a. 0.184
Median CD4 lymphocyte count in cells/µL7 206 n.a. 136 n.a. 0.215
Effective ART8 prior to admission % (proportion) 14 (9/64) n.a. 19 (10/53) n.a. 0.485

Boldface type indicates statistical significance.

1

98.5% of the study population were ethnic Mozambicans.

2

One patient with a positive malaria PCR test died of other causes than malaria, so his death is categorised as malaria negative.

3

The p-values are from Mann-Whitney tests (continuous data) or Chi-squared tests (dichotomous data).

4

Comparison of malaria patients with and without HIV co-infection (columns 1 and 2).

5

Comparison of HIV patients with and without malaria (columns 1 and 3).

6

Severe HIV  =  HIV WHO stage 3 or 4.

7

Please note the small numbers: n = 11 and n = 8.

8

ART  =  antiretroviral therapy  =  HIV treatment. “Effective” is defined as “Previous known ART and undetectable HIV-RNA in the plasma”. In relation to all HIV-patients with and without malaria.