. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 Jun 20;23(2):119–129. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.02.011

Table 1.

Characteristics of participants at baseline by depression status

Characteristics of participants	No Depression n = 3,174	Subsyndromal Depression n = 238	Depression n = 452
Age, mean (SD)	71.5 (8.9)	73.6 (9.3)^b	73.5 (9.4)^a
Women, n (%)	1,576 (49.7)	168 (70.6)^b	359 (79.4)^a,^c
Education
Primary school, n (%)	2,346 (74.5)	185 (77.7)	359 (80.3)
Secondary/higher school, n (%)	578 (19)	33 (13.9)	46 (10.3)^a
MMSE, mean (SD)	27.5 (2.4)	27 (2)^b	26.6 (2.8)^a,^c
Disability
Basic ADLs, n (%)	159 (5)	30 (12.6)^b	61 (13.5)^a
Instrumental ADLs, n (%)	313 (9.9)	37 (15.6)^b	104 (23.2)^a,^c
Vascular risk factors
Hypertension, n (%)	1,974 (67.5)	146 (68.2)	299 (69.7)
Diabetes, n (%)	358 (11.4)	40 (17.1)^b	73 (16.2)^a
Vascular disease, n (%)	339 (11.0)	33 (14.3)^b	64 (15)^a

Significant differences (p < 0.05) between “cases” of depression and “no cases” of depression in either t (degrees of freedom, df = 3,624) test or X² (df=1) test;

Significant differences (p < 0.05) between “subsyndromal depression” and “no cases” of depression in either t (df=3,410) test or X² (df=1) test;

Significant differences (p < 0.05) between “cases” of depression and “subsyndromal depression” in either t (df=688) test or X² (df=1) test;