Table 1.
Background Information on 35 Studies of Female Sex Workers that Include HPV Genotype Testing
| WHO Defined Region-Date | Country | City or State | # FSWs | HPV Sampling and Testing Methods | HPV Types Tested | Overall HPV Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa-2007 [31] | Burkina Faso | Bobo-Dioulasso | 350 | Samples obtained with a cervical brush. HPV DNA was detected with PCR and genotyped with INNO LiPA (Line Probe Assay) HPV Genotyping v2 test | 16, 18, 31, 35, 51 and 52 | 8.0% |
| Africa-2010 [29] | Kenya | Mombasa | 503 | Samples obtained with a cervical brush. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with real time PCR and TaqMan | 6, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67 and 68 | 45.5% |
| Africa-2006 [16] | Burkina Faso | Bobo Dioulasso | 360 | Samples obtained with a cervical brush. HPV DNA was detected with PCR and genotyped with INNO-LiPA HPV genotyping V2 test | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70 and 74 | 66.1% |
| Africa-2000 [42] | South Africa | KwaZulu-Natal midlands | 52 | Samples obtained with a cervicovaginal rinse. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and a HPV 16 specific primer | 16 | 42% |
| Africa-2009 [17] | South Africa | KwaZulu-Natal Midlands | 52 | Samples obtained with a cervicovaginal rinse. HPV DNA was detected with PCR and genotyped through a Roche reverse line blot assay | 6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82, 83 and 84 | 100% |
| Americas-2009 [9] | Guatemala | Escuintla | 292 | Samples obtained with a cervical brush. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and Linear Arrays HPV genotyping test. | 5, 6, 8, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 82, 83, 84, CP6108 and IS39 | 67.3% |
| Americas-2001 [27] |
Mexico | Mexico City | 55 | Samples obtained from a gynecological examination. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and type specific primers | 3, 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 and 72 | 11.8% |
| Americas -2001 [30] | Mexico | Mexico City | 495 | Samples obtained with a cervical swab. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and probe hybridization | 6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82, and 83 | 48.9% |
| Americas -2012 [18] | Peru | Lima | 199 | Samples obtained with a cervical swab. HPV DNA was detected through PCR and genotyped with Roche Linear Array | 6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 82var, 83, 84, and 89 | 66.8% |
| Americas -2011 [43] | Peru | Lima | 87 | Samples obtained through routine examinations and tested using a linc-blog assay | 6, 8, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 81, 83, 84, CP6108 and IS39. | 50.6% |
| Eastern Mediterranean -2006 [26] | Tunisia | Tunis | 64 | Samples obtained with an Ayre spatula. HPV DNA was detected with PCR and genotyped with restriction fragment length polymorphism | 6, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 56, 58, 72, 82 and 83 | 43.7% |
| Eastern Mediterranean-2003 [19] | Tunisia | Sousse | 51 | Samples obtained with a cytobrush. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and type specific primers | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 52 and 58 | 39.0% |
| Europe-2007 [44] | Italy | Campania region | 31 | Samples obtained with a cytobrush. HPV DNA was detected with PCR, direct nucleotide sequenced and identified with BLASTn software | 16, 31, 33, 35, 42, 52, 54, 56, 58, 67, 70 and 81 | 22.6% |
| Europe-2006 [45] | Spain | Madrid and Alicante | 1071 | Samples obtained with a cervical brush. HPV DNA was detected with HPV DNA test Hybrid Capture II and genotyped through PCR | 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68 | 31.5% |
| Europe-2012 [32] | Spain | Galician | 208 | Samples obtained with a cervical brush. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with Digene Hybrid Capture II | 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68 | 7.50-35.5% |
| Europe-2004 [37] | Belgium | Ghent | 93 | Samples were obtained, identified as HPV positive through a reverse hybridization assay and genotyped. | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70, 73 and 74 | 77.4% |
| Europe-2011 [46] | Bulgaria | Sofia | 46 | Samples obtained with a cytobrush. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped through PCR | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 | 43.4% |
| Europe-2004 [33] | Spain | Oviedo | 187 | Samples obtained from a gynecological examination. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped through PCR | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 39 | 27.8% |
| Europe-2009 [24] | Spain | Alicante | 549 | Samples obtained with a cervical brush. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped through PCR and Digene Hybrid Capture II | 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68 | 31% |
| Europe-1997 [47] | Turkey | Ankara | 88 | Samples obtained from a gynecological examination. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped through PCR and type specific primers | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 42, 51 and 58 | 2.3% |
| Europe-1993 [20] | The Netherlands | Amsterdam | 44 | Samples obtained with an Ayre spatula or cervical brush. HPV DNA detected and genotyped with PCR and type specific oligonucleotide probes | 6, 11, 16, 18 and 33 | 6.8% |
| Europe-2000 [48] | Denmark | Copenhagen | 182 | Samples obtained through a self administered cervicovaginal lavage kit. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and an enzyme immunoassay | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 | 32.4% |
| South East Asia-2012 [34] | India | West Bengal | 45 | Samples obtained with a cervical brushes. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and type specific PCR primers | 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68 | 73.3% |
| South East Asia-2012 [21] | Bangladesh | Dhaka | 809 | Samples obtained with a cervical brush. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and type specific primers | 16, 18 and 33 | 18.2% |
| South East Asia-2001 [22] | Thailand | Bangkok | 251 | Samples obtained with a cervical swab. HPB DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR based assays | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39 and 45 | 47.0% |
| Western Pacific-2009 [28] | Philippines | Manila | 295 | Samples obtained with a cervical brush. HPV DNA was detected with PCR, cloned and compared with BLAST | 6, 9, 11, 16, 18, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73, 74, 81,82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 90, 91, 102 and JEB2 | 57.2% |
| Western Pacific -2008 [15] | Vietnam | Soc Trang | 282 | Samples obtained through a physical examination and sent to a HPV testing lab | 6, 11,16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 84, IS39 and CP6108, | 85.0% |
| Western Pacific-2008 [35] | Korea | Seoul | 188 | Samples obtained with a cervical swab and cytobrush scrape. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and a HPV DNA Chip package | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 42, 44, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 and 69 | 31.9% |
| Western Pacific-2007 [36] | Korea | Seoul | 743 | Samples obtained with a cervical swab. HPV DNA detected and genotyped with an oligonucleotide chip | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40 and 42 | 50.3% |
| Western Pacific-2003 [38] | Korea | 417 | Samples obtained with a cytobrush. HPV DNA was detected through Digene Hybrid Capture II and genotyped through an oligonucleotide microarray | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 56, 58, 59 and 68 | 46.5% | |
| Western Pacific-2011 [39) | Japan | Kyoto | 196 | Samples were obtained. HPV DNA was detected with PCR and genotyped with the Kurabo GeneSquare Microarray system. | 6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 51, 53 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 66 and 68 | 52.6% |
| Western Pacific-2001 (25] | Singapore | Singapore | 187 | Samples obtained with a spatula and cytobrush. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped through PCR | 6b, 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 45, 56 and 58 | 14.4% |
| Western Pacific-2000 [40] | Singapore | Singapore | 188 | Samples obtained with a cervical scrape. HPV DNA detected and genotyped with PCR and type specific primers | 6b, 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 45, 56 and 58 | 14.4% |
| Western Pacific-2012 [41] | China | Guangxi | 810 | Samples obtained with a cervical swab. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with a HPV GenoArray test kit | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 and CP8304 | 38.9% |
| Western Pacific-2012 [23] | Cambodia | Phnom Penh | 220 | Samples obtained with a cytobrush. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped with PCR and type specific probes. | 6, 11, 16, 18, 26/69, 31, 32/42, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83 and 84 | 41.1% |