Table 1.
Abbreviations.
| AGE – advanced glycation endproduct |
| APC – antigen presenting cell |
| Apo – apolipoprotein |
| BMC – bone marrow mononuclear cell |
| CCL – CC chemokine ligand |
| CCR – CC chemokine receptor |
| Cuox–LDL – copper-oxidized low-density lipoprotein |
| CVD – cardiovascular disease |
| CX3CL – CX3C chemokine ligand |
| CX3CR – CX3C chemokine receptor |
| CXCL – CXC chemokine ligand |
| CXCR – CXC chemokine receptor |
| DC – dendritic cell |
| DM – diabetes mellitus |
| EC – endothelial cell |
| EPC – endothelial progenitor cell |
| ERK – extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| ESC – embryonic stem cell |
| ET – endothelin |
| FFA – free fatty acid |
| GM-CSF – granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| HLA – human leukocyte antigens |
| HO – heme oxygenase |
| HSC – hematopoietic stem cell |
| IFN – interferon |
| IKK-β – inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit β |
| IL – interleukin |
| IR – insulin resistance |
| IRS – insulin receptor substrate |
| JNK – c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| LDL – low-density liproprotein |
| LO – lipoxygenase |
| MΦ – macrophage |
| Mac-1 – macrophage-1 antigen |
| MAPK – mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MC – monocyte |
| MDA–LDL – malondialdehye-modified low-density lipoprotein |
| MHC – major histocompatibility complex |
| mHC – minor histocompatibility complex |
| MI – myocardial infarction |
| MIF – migration inhibitory factor |
| MMP – matrix metalloproteinase |
| MSC – mesenchymal stem cell |
| NK – natural killer |
| NOD – non-obese diabetic |
| oxLDL – oxidized low-density lipoprotein |
| PAMP – pathogen-associated molecular |
| PI3K – phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| PPAR – peroxisome proliferator-activated |
| PRR – pattern recognition receptor |
| PSGL – P-selectin glycoprotein ligand |
| RAGE – receptor for advanced glycation |
| ROS – reactive oxygen species |
| SEREX – serological analysis of recombinant tumor cDNA expression libraries |
| sHSP – soluble heat shock protein |
| SkMb – skeletal myoblast |
| SLE – systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SMC – smooth muscle cell |
| SR – scavenger receptor |
| T1DM – type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| Tfh – T follicular helper cells |
| Th – T-helper |
| Th1 – type 1 T-helper |
| Th2 – type 2 T-helper |
| TIMP – tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases |
| TLR – toll-like receptor |
| TNF – tumor necrosis factor |
| Treg – regulatory T-cell |
| VCAM – vascular cell adhesion molecule |
| VLA – very late antigen |