Table I.
ARE-binding Proteins
| ARE-binding protein | RNA-binding domain | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| APOBEC1 | Unknown | Destabilize mRNA | [166, 167, 168, 169] |
| AUF1 (hnRNPD) | RRM | Destabilize mRNA Stabilize mRNA |
[115, 117, 118, 119, 140] [121, 122] |
| AUF2 (CBF-A) | RRM | Stabilize mRNA | [170] |
| CUGBP2 | RRM | Translational silencing Stabilize mRNA |
[171] [172] |
| FXR1P | K homology; RGG | Translational silencing | [173] |
| HuR (ELAVL1) | RRM | Stabilize mRNA Translational activation Translational silencing |
[119, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146] [119, 147, 148, 149] [150] |
| KSRP | K homology | Destabilize mRNA | [33, 95, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178] |
| NF90 | DRBD | Stabilize mRNA Translational silencing |
[179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184] [184] |
| RHAU | Novel N-terminal RNA-binding domain | Destabilize mRNA | [185, 186] |
| YB1 | CSD | Stabilize mRNA | [187, 188] |
| TIA-1 (TIA1) | RRM | Translational silencing | [158, 159, 160, 161] |
| TIAR (TIAL1) | RRM | Translational silencing | [157, 160, 162, 189, 190] |
| ZFP36 (TTP) | CCCH zinc finger | Destabilize mRNA Stabilize mRNA |
[59, 63, 64, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 88, 89, 92, 93, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 191] [94] |
| ZFP36L1 (BRF1) | CCCH zinc finger | Destabilize mRNA Translational silencing |
[63, 64, 82, 110, 111] [108] |
| ZFP36L2 (BRF2) | CCCH zinc finger | Destabilize mRNA | [51, 63, 64] |
| ZFP36L3 | CCCH zinc finger | Destabilize mRNA | [52, 53] |
APOBEC1, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1; AUF1/hnRNPD, AU-rich binding factor 1/heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D; AUF-2/CBF-A, AU-rich binding factor 2/CArG-box-binding factor-A; CCCH, cysteine-cysteine-cysteine-histidine; CSD, cold shock domain; CUGBP2, CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding protein 2; DRBD, dsRNA-binding domain; FXR1P, fragile X-related protein 1; HuR/ELAVL1, Hu antigen R/embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 1; KSRP, KH-type splicing regulatory protein; NF90, nuclear factor 90; RGG, arginine-glycine-glycine; RHAU, RNA helicase associated with AU-rich element; RRM, RNA recognition motif; YB1, Y-box-binding protein 1; TIA-1, T-cell restricted intracellular antigen 1; TIAR, TIA-1-related; ZFP36/TTP, zinc finger protein 36/tristetraprolin; ZFP36L1/BRF1, zinc finger protein 36-like 1/butyrate response factor 1; ZFP36L2/BRF2, zinc finger protein 36-like 2/butyrate response factor 2; ZFP36L3, zinc finger protein 36-like 3