Endothelial function in mesenteric resistance arteries (MRAs) incubated with apocynin (APO) or NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) from streptozotocin (STZ) mice treated with or without insulin or Tudca and Nox2/4 mRNA levels. A, Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) with and without apocynin (APO) or l-NAME treatments in STZ group, n=5. ■, STZ; □, STZ+l-NAME; , STZ+APO. B, Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ACh in the presence of apocynin or l-NAME in MRAs from STZ+AG1478 group, n=5. ◆, STZ+AG1478; ◊, STZ+AG1478+l-NAME; ◊ STZ+AG1478+APO. C, Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ACh with and without apocynin or l-NAME in STZ+Tudca group, n=5. ▲, STZ+Tudca; △, STZ+Tudca+l-NAME; grey triangle, STZ+Tudca+APO. D, Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ACh with and without apocynin or l-NAME in the STZ+insulin group, n=5. ●, STZ+insulin; ○, STZ+insulin+l-NAME; grey circle, STZ+insulin+APO. E, Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ACh with and without apocynin or l-NAME treatment in the control group, n=5. ◆, control; ◊, control+l-NAME; grey diamond, control+APO. F through I, Nox2 and Nox4 mRNA levels, normalized to 18S rRNA, in all groups, n=4 to 6. &P<0.05 for STZ+APO versus STZ. P̂<0.05 for STZ, STZ+AG1478, STZ+Tudca, STZ+insulin, and control vs STZ+l-NAME, STZ+AG1478+l-NAME, STZ+Tudca+l-NAME, STZ+insulin+l-NAME and control+l-NAME. *P<0.05 for STZ vs control or STZ+insulin. #P<0.05 for STZ vs STZ+Tudca or STZ+insulin.