Table 3.
Leisure activities, age, gender, general health, functional status, mood, cognition, sleep duration, and sleep medication among good and poor sleepers in the total sample. Percentages are in brackets, significant values in bold.
| Good sleepers 0–3 sleep disturbances n = 664 |
Poor sleepers ≥4 sleep disturbances n = 220 |
χ 2 value | df | P value | Missing data (n) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leisure activities | ||||||
| Exercise | 498 (76.9) | 144 (67.3) | 7.2 | 1 | 0.007 2 | 83 |
| Gardening | 491 (74.5) | 125 (56.8) | 23.8 | 1 | <0.001 2 | 5 |
| Strolling in the country | 515 (78.1) | 133 (60.5) | 25.7 | 1 | <0.001 2 | 5 |
| Picking berries | 373 (56.6) | 89 (40.5) | 16.6 | 1 | <0.001 2 | 5 |
| Hunting and fishing | 117 (17.8) | 17 (7.7) | 12.1 | 1 | 0.001 2 | 5 |
| Knitting, weaving, or sewing | 202 (30.7) | 89 (40.5) | 6.7 | 1 | 0.010 2 | 5 |
| Playing an instrument | 93 (14.0) | 24 (10.9) | 1.1 | 1 | 0.2862 | 1 |
| Painting, drawing, or pottery | 59 (9.0) | 18 (8.2) | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1252 | 5 |
| Home maintenance | 376 (57.1) | 71 (32.3) | 39.5 | 1 | <0.001 2 | 5 |
| Repairing cars/machines | 200 (30.3) | 24 (10.9) | 31.8 | 1 | <0.001 2 | 5 |
| Playing chess/cards | 197 (29.7) | 41 (18.6) | 9.7 | 1 | 0.002 2 | 1 |
| Using/surfing the Internet/playing computer games | 290 (43.7) | 64 (29.1) | 14.2 | 1 | <0.001 2 | 1 |
| Reading a daily paper | 648 (97.7) | 210 (95.5) | 2.4 | 1 | 0.6482 | 1 |
| Reading magazines/journals | 573 (86.4) | 186 (84.5) | 0.3 | 1 | 0.562 | 1 |
| Reading books | 485 (73.2) | 164 (74.5) | 0.1 | 1 | 0.7512 | 1 |
| Watching TV | 643 (97.0) | 211 (95.9) | 0.3 | 1 | 0.5782 | 1 |
| Listening to music | 593 (89.4) | 193 (87.7) | 0.3 | 1 | 0.5622 | 1 |
| Age cohorts | 29.5 | 2 | <0.001 1 | 61 | ||
| Retirement age (60- and 66-year-olds) | 289 (43.5) | 61 (27.7) | ||||
| 72- and 78-year-olds | 212 (31.9) | 65 (29.5) | ||||
| ≥81-year-olds | 163 (24.5) | 94 (42.7) | ||||
| Gender | 45.9 | 1 | <0.001 2 | 61 | ||
| Women | 322 (48.5) | 165 (75.0) | ||||
| Men | 342 (51.5) | 55 (25.0) | ||||
| General health | 91.9 | 2 | <0.001 1 | 69 | ||
| Poor/fair | 180 (27.4) | 131 (59.8) | ||||
| Good | 202 (30.7) | 62 (28.3) | ||||
| Very good/excellent | 275 (41.9) | 26 (11.9) | ||||
| Functional status | 31.8 | 1 | <0.001 2 | 64 | ||
| Independent | 551 (83.4) | 144 (65.5) | ||||
| Dependent on 1–5 activities | 110 (16.6) | 76 (34.5) | ||||
| Mood (below/over median = 1) | 31.0 | 1 | <0.001 2 | 83 | ||
| Low | 315 (48.9) | 154 (70.6) | ||||
| High | 329 (51.1) | 64 (29.4) | ||||
| Cognition | 0.230 | 1 | 0.6312 | 66 | ||
| <24 MMSE | 43 (6.5) | 17 (7.8) | ||||
| ≥24 MMSE | 617 (93.5) | 202 (92.2) | ||||
| Sleep duration (hours) | 114.8 | 2 | <0.001 1 | 163 | ||
| Short sleep ≤5 h | 36 (6.2) | 75 (36.6) | ||||
| Normal sleep 6–9 h | 530 (91.9) | 126 (61.5) | ||||
| Long sleep ≥10 h | 11 (1.9) | 4 (2.0) | ||||
| Prescribed sleep medication | 217.6 | 4 | <0.001 1 | 63 | ||
| Never | 578 (87.3) | 93 (42.3) | ||||
| Sometimes per month | 47 (7.1) | 29 (13.2) | ||||
| Several times per month | 4 (0.6) | 7 (3.2) | ||||
| Sometimes per week | 7 (1.1) | 32 (14.5) | ||||
| Every night | 26 (3.9) | 59 (26.8) |
Note: 1Pearson's χ 2 test, 2Yates' continuity correction.