Table 5.
Incident prehypertension and hypertension at year 3 follow-up among Hispanic women who were normotensive at enrollment
| Prehypertension | Hypertension | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| High school diploma or GED, vocational or training school | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 0.04 | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 0.86 |
| Some college or associate degree | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.21 | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.39 |
| College graduate and above | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.02 | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | <0.01 |
| P trend | 0.09 | < 0.01 | ||
| Age at WHI enrollment, y | ||||
| 50–64 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| 65–79 | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | <0.01 | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | 0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, year 3 | ||||
| <25 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| 25 to <30 | 2.1 (1.6–2.9) | <0.001 | 2.9 (1.7–5.1) | <0.001 |
| ≥30 | 2.5 (1.7–3.5) | <0.001 | 3.7 (2.1–6.7) | <0.001 |
| P trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| Family history of diabetes, stroke, MI, no. of conditions, 0–3 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.53 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.53 |
| History of high cholesterol requiring pills, year 3 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.55 | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | 0.93 |
| Treated diabetes, pills or shots, year 3 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.46 | 2.3 (1.2–4.5) | 0.01 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, year 3 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.32 | 2.0 (1.1–3.5) | 0.02 |
| No health insurance coverage, ascertained at baseline | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.18 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.45 |
| Current smoker, year 3 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.60 | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | 0.28 |
| Total energy expenditure/week, MET-hours | ||||
| <3.0 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| 3.0 to<11.75 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.50 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.40 |
| ≥11.75 | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.84 | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.13 |
| P trend | 0.73 | 0.07 | ||
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| Nondrinker | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Past drinker | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 0.79 | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | 0.88 |
| <7 drinks per week | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.97 | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 0.69 |
| ≥7 drinks per week | 2.2 (1.2–4.1) | 0.01 | 1.6 (0.5–5.0) | 0.39 |
| Likelihood ratio | 120.4 (DF = 34), P < 0.0001 | |||
| Max-rescaled R 2 | 0.1048 | |||
Data were obtained from a multivariable multinomial logistic regression model. Analyses were conducted in women who were normotensive at Women’s Health Initiative enrollment with complete data on all covariables included in the model (n = 1,338). Comparison group is women who were normotensive at year 3.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GED, General Education Development; MET, metabolic equivalent; MI, myocardial infarction; OR, odds ratio; WHI, Women’s Health Initiative.