Figure 2.

Classes of predictions about the evolution of dispersal. (a) The density of dispersal trait values within a metapopulation following an ESS, with residual variance corresponding to the result of mutation and local genetic drift (i.e. stochastic effects). (b) The density of dispersal trait values in a polymorphic population (here, with two modes). (c) Prediction of a positive association syndrome between dispersal and trait x. (d) Prediction of a genetic covariance between dispersal and trait x within a given population or metapopulation. (e) Spatial structure of average dispersal value along a one-dimensional space—here, dispersal is higher on the right, possibly because of an invasion wave into a new environment. (f) Structuring of dispersal trait values among two types of patches—here, dispersal is selected for in patches of type 1 and disfavoured in patches of type 2.