Figure 2.
Coexistence and extinction in a two-consumer–one-resource system without evolution. (a) Coexistence of N1 and N2 through the Armstrong–McGehee mechanism (z1 = z2 = 0.0; ν1 = ν2 = 0.0). (c) N1 outcompetes N2 because environmental change leads to changes of N1's FR that increase its fitness more (z1 = z2 = −0.05; ν1 = ν2 = 0.0). Resource: green; consumer N1: blue; consumer N2: red; temperature change: black. (b,d) Changes of FRs owing to change of parameter α during dynamic scenarios (a) and (c), respectively. FR of N1 at t = 0: dark blue; maximum change of FR of N2: light blue; FR of N2 at t = 0: red; maximum change of FR of N2: yellow. Note that FRs are constant under scenario (a).