Outcome of ER dynamics for parameter combinations representing different strengths of evolutionary change (parameters zi) and adaptive trait evolution (parameters νi). Values of z1 in rows; values of z2 in columns. N1: species N1 outcompetes species N2; Co: coexistence of species N1, N2 and resource R. Simulations were run for 20 000 time steps; species N1,2 were assumed to be extinct if abundance was less than 10−4 at any point in time during the simulation. Note: species N2 never outcompeted species N1.