Table 1. Distribution and abundance of selected cystonect, physonect, and prayomorph species.
Species | Habitat | Vertical range | Depth (m) | Latitudinal range | Abundance | Geographic range |
Physalia physalis | pleustonic | surface | 0 | 51°N-38°S | common | cosmopolitan |
Apolemia uvaria | deep sea | epipelagic | 0–100 | 60°N-38°N | rare | North Atlantic |
Bargmannia lata | deep sea | deepermesopelagic | 680–2500 | 48°N-33°S | rare | more atlower latitudes |
Pyrostephos vanhoeffeni | deep sea | epi- andmesopelagic | 75–1000+ | 41°S -71°S | common to rare | southern higherlatitudes |
Dromalia alexandri | epibenthic | attached tosubstrate | 300–600 | 36°N, 122°Wto 26°N, 113°W | locally common | off California only |
Rhodalia miranda | epibenthic | attached tosubstrate | 455–1098 | 37°S, 54°Wto 53°S, 59°W | locally uncommon | SW Atlantic only |
Marrus orthocanna | deep sea | meso– andbathypelagic | 50–3000 | 85°N-35°N | common | Arctic and sub-arctic |
Marrus antarcticus | deep sea | meso- andbathypelagic | 300–2100 | 43°S–67°S | uncommon | Antarctic and sub-antarctic |
Forskalia contorta | deep sea | epipelagic | 30–181 | 43°N-39°S | rare | cosmopolitan |
Resomia convoluta | deep sea | meso- andbathypelagic | 400–2800 | 60°S–68°S | very rare | Antarctic only |
Agalma elegans | deep sea | epi- andmesopelagic | 0–400 | 60°N-38°S | uncommon | cosmopolitan |
Nanomia bijuga | neritic todeep sea | epi- andmesopelagic | 0–800 | 55°N-59°S | very common | cosmopolitan |
Nanomia cara | deep sea | epi- andmesopelagic | 0–280 | 64°N-40°N | locally common | N Atlanticand Arctic only |
Physophora hydrostatica | deep sea | epi- andmesopelagic | 0–500 | 73°N-64°S | rare | cosmopolitan |
Amphicaryon acaule | deep sea | epi- andmesopelagic | 0–375 | 60°N-38°S | uncommon | cosmopolitan |
Praya dubia | deep sea | epi- andmesopelagic | 73–1000 | 59°N-40°S | rare | all seas exceptMediterranean |
Rosacea plicata | deep sea | mainlymesopelagic | 200–1610 | 62°N-59°S | uncommon | cosmopolitan |
Nectadamas diomedeae | deep sea | meso- andbathypelagic | 260–2500 | 81°N-59°S | rare | cosmopolitan |
Nectopyramis thetis | deep sea | mainlymesopelagic | 200–1500 | 63°N-34°S | rare | cosmopolitan |
Hippopodius hippopus | deep sea | epipelagic | 0–300 | 50°N-38°S | common | cosmopolitan |
Vogtia serrata | deep sea | mesopelagic | 200–1000+ | 62°N-71°S | uncommon | cosmopolitan |
Key: epipelagic, 0- ca. 300 m; mesopelagic, 300–1000 m; bathypelagic, 1000 m and below. Abundance scale: very common, common, uncommon, rare, very rare. Cosmopolitan refers to species present in all three great oceans and the Mediterranean. For primary literature used to construct this table, see [1].