Table 7. Physonect tentilla.

Family/genus	Length, shape and cnidoband details	Terminal filament(s)	References
Dioecious:
Pyrostephidae	<50 mm with straight cnidoband of many small rhopalonemes,likely acrophores and desmonemes, flanked proximally by a fewlarge heteroneme stenoteles (Figure 12A–B); no involucrum	Flexible with central axial canal andcomprising many of the same smallnematocysts as in the cnidoband	[14]
Erennidae	<30 mm with straight cnidoband of many small haplonemes oftwo shapes flanked by slightly larger anisorhizas (Figure 12C);no involucrum	Stiff and with central axial canal but nonematocysts; pair of pigmentedphotophores near distal end	[15]
Rhodaliidae	<1.5 mm with loosely coiled or straight cnidoband of, whereknown, numerous anisorhizas flanked by larger heteronemes(Figure 12D); no involucrum; tentilla carried only on thetentacles of type II gastrozooids in rhodaliids	Flexible and without central axialcanal; many smallrhopaloneme nematocysts (Table 6)	[4], [27], [45], [89]
Marrus	<5 mm with straight or loosely coiled cnidoband of many small central haplonemes flanked by two rows of larger heteronemes (Figure 12E; Table 6); no involucrum	Flexible with a string of desmonemesand acrophores (Table 6)and no central canal	[90]
Monoecious:
Forskalia	<2 mm with pedicel contracted; coiled orange-red cnidobandof anisorhizas and possibly some isorhizas, flanked by two rowsof large stenoteles (Figure 12H); no involucrum	Flexible with repeating pattern of onepair of desmonemes and two pairsof acrophores in F. edwardsi andF. contorta	[16], [142]
Physophora	<5 mm long with distal capsule enclosing inverted coiledcnidoband of many small anisorhizas flanked by a few largeyellow microbasic mastigophores at its attached distal end;cnidoband discharge via a pore at proximal end of capsule(Figure 12F, a–c).	Absent in mature tentilla	[9], [25], [128], [142], [144]
Resomiidae	<9 mm with cnidoband of many anisorhizas flanked by severalmicrobasic mastigophores; tentilla from proximal end oftentacle with coiled cnidoband, and from distal end withzigzagged cnidoband (Figure 12G, a–b); involucrum complete,with extra swelling from pedicel floating above cnidoband andforming a lure in R. ornicephala	Flexible string of desmonemesand acrophores in R. ornicephala	[17], [91]
Agalma	<4 mm with tightly coiled red cnidoband of many anisorhizasflanked proximally by microbasic mastigophores; completeinvolucrum (figure 13Aa). Larval tentilla on first tentacle only,small, with few nematocysts, long cnidocils for prey captureand no cnidoband or terminal filaments (Figure 13Ab)	Two flexible terminal filaments ofdesmonemes and acrophoresseparated by nematocyst-freeampulla in definitive tentillum	[68], [145], [147]
Athorybia and Melophysa	Similar to Agalma, except that in Athorybia there is a secondtentillum type with uncoiled cnidoband, nematocyst-freedendritic processes arising from the pedicel, with theheteronemes of Athorybia rosacea being stenoteles	As above except that in Athorybia lucida there is no ampulla and the twoterminal filaments are loosely fusedalong their lengths	[34], [148]
Halistemma	<6 mm with tightly coiled red cnidoband of many anisorhizasflanked proximally by stenoteles; very reduced involucrum(Figure 13B).	Flexible string of desmonemes andacrophores with specifically variabledistal swollen sinker (cupulate process)comprising ring of nematocysts with inertcap (H. cupulifera), smaller swelling (H. foliacea) or small spiral(H. rubrum)	[32], [92], [93], [128], [142]
Nanomia	<9 mm with tightly coiled cnidoband; comprising 4500anisorhizas flanked proximally by 15–35 large stenotelesin N. bijuga, 14000 anisorhizas flanked by 70–80 stenotelesin N. cara; partial involucrum (Figure 13C)	Flexible string of one or two typesof smaller desmonemes andrhopalonemes (probably acrophores)	[67], [149]
Lychnagalma	<7.5 mm with large complexly coiled red cnidoband of manylikely anisorhizas, flanked by two rows of larger heteronemes,probably stenoteles; complete involucrum (Figure 16C)	Eight terminal filaments surroundinga large nematocyst-free ampullawhich acts as a lure	[131]
Cordagalma	<0.14 mm long with retained larval tentillum inC. ordinata 4–7 heteronemes, 15 haplonemes (Figure 13D);definitive tentillum in C. tottoni	–	[67], [94], [130]
Frillagalma	<2 mm, unique tentillum with no cnidoband;instead a simple capsule with 3 proximalstenoteles and 30–35 distalanisorhizas (Figure 13E)	Absent; tentillum with 2 sequentialampullae only beyond the cnidosac	[97]

Note: tentillum lengths given here include cnidoband and any terminal structures and are derived from photographic images of tentilla, where available, most preserved (and therefore contracted).