Table 2.
Analysis of variance results summary for total muscle activation (TMA) and the mediolateral-directed cocontraction ratio (MLDCCR) for the participant group calculated across the entire stance phase as well as the first and second halves of stance for each of the three test conditions: with the knee brace set to apply an external adduction moment (varus knee bracing), with the knee brace set to apply an external abduction moment (valgus knee bracing), and walking without the brace (no brace)
| Variable | No brace | Varus knee bracing | Valgus knee bracing | p value | Effect size (Cohen’s d) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No brace versus varus bracing | No brace versus valgus bracing | |||||
| TMA mean | 1.49 (0.54) | 1.45 (0.58) | 1.45 (0.55) | 0.911 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| TMA mean first half stance | 0.18 (0.08) | 0.23 (0.09) | 0.25 (0.09) | 0.313 | 0.59 | 0.82 |
| TMA mean second half stance | 1.50 (0.37) | 1.25 (0.35) | 1.16 (0.38) | 0.112 | 0.69 | 0.91 |
| MLDCCR mean | 0.49 (0.21) | 0.29 (0.21) | 0.28 (0.24) | 0.315 | 0.95 | 0.93 |
| MLDCCR mean first half stance | −0.51 (0.16) | −0.59 (0.21) | −0.56 (0.29) | 0.784 | 0.43 | 0.22 |
| MLDCCR mean second half stance | 0.33 (0.21) | 0.30 (0.27) | 0.36 (0.34) | 0.859 | 0.13 | 0.11 |
Shown are means of four trials (SD).