Table 3.

Suggested measures to control ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria in Denmark

Possible source	Measures
Human-to-human and nosocomial	Improve hospital hygiene
infections	Stricter guidelines, both for hospital and community use of cephalosporins
Animal-to-human transmission	Stricter guidelines for the use of cephalosporins in pets
Travelling	International measures to control ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria
	Advice to travelers about hygiene measures to prevent becoming colonized with ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria
Environment	Reduce the use of cephalosporins and antimicrobials in general; this should decrease ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria dissemination
	Stricter evaluation of wastewater, including microbiological criteria and control of resistant bacteria
Foodborne	Avoid use of cephalosporins and reduce the use other antimicrobials to as little as possible but as much as necessary in livestock
	Production measures to reduce ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria dissemination
	Improve slaughter hygiene
	Decontamination after slaughter