Table 4.
Number and percentage [n (%)] of adolescents meeting the EAR or AI [27] in male and female supplement non-users (n = 753) and users (n = 238) in 17 year old adolescents in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.
| EAR/AI | Supplement Non-Users (n = 753) | Supplement Users (n = 238) | Supplement Users (n = 238) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Sources | Food Sources | Food and Supplements | ||||||
| Nutrient | Males | Females | Males (n = 358) | Females (n = 395) | Males (n = 96) | Females (n = 142) | Males (n = 96) | Females (n = 142) |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
| Calcium (mg) 1 | 1050 | 1050 | 185 (51.7) | 116 (29.4) | 70 (72.9) * | 50 (35.2) | 73 (76.0) | 56 (39.4) |
| Iron (mg) 1 | 8 | 8 | 336 (93.9) | 312 (79.0) | 92 (95.8) | 114 (80.3) | 94 (97.9) | 128 (90.1) |
| Zinc (mg) 1 | 11 | 6 | 248 (69.3) | 354 (89.6) | 79 (82.3) * | 126 (88.7) | 95 (99.1) | 128 (90.1) |
| Magnesium (mg) 1 | 340 | 300 | 153 (42.7) | 125 (31.6) | 59 (61.5) * | 58 (40.8) * | 75 (78.1) | 67 (47.2) |
| Potassium (mg) 1 | 3600 | 2600 | 163 (45.5) | 239 (60.5) | 63 (65.6) * | 101 (71.1) * | 85 (88.5) | 101 (71.1) |
| Phosphorous (mg) 1 | 1055 | 1055 | 308 (86.0) | 266 (67.3) | 90 (93.8) * | 102 (71.8) | 90 (93.8) | 102 (71.8) |
| Copper (mg) 1 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 260 (72.6) | 327 (82.8) | 82 (85.4) * | 126 (88.7) | 94 (97.9) | 128 (90.1) |
| Vitamin A (µg) 1 | 630 | 485 | 296 (82.7) | 356 (90.1) | 89 (92.7) * | 132 (93.0) | 95 (99.0) | 134 (94.4) |
| Beta-carotene (µg) 1 | n/a | n/a | ||||||
| Thiamin (mg) 1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 332 (92.7) | 318 (80.5) | 90 (93.8) | 125 (88.0) * | 94 (97.9) | 130 (91.50 |
| Riboflavin (mg) 1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 339 (94.7) | 363 (91.9) | 93 (96.9) | 137 (96.5) | 96 (100) | 137 (96.5) |
| Niacin (mg) 1 | 12 | 11 | 358 (100) | 391 (99.0) | 95 (99.0) | 139 (97.9) | 96 (100) | 139 (97.9) |
| Pantothenic acid (mg) 1 | 6 | 4 | 133 (37.2) | 214 (54.2) | 54 (56.3) * | 93 (65.5) * | 94 (97.9) | 100 (70.4) |
| Pyridoxine (mg) 1 | 1.1 | 1 | 304 (84.9) | 306 (77.5) | 90 (93.8) * | 122 (85.9) * | 95 (99.0) | 129 (90.8) |
| B12 (µg) 1 | 2 | 2 | 345 (96.4) | 332 (84.1) | 92 (95.8) | 114 (80.3) | 95 (99.0) | 118 (83.1) |
| Folate (µg) 1 | 330 | 330 | 45 (12.5) | 26 (6.5) | 94 (26.3) * | 46 (32.4) * | 63 (65.6) | 61 (43.0) |
| Vitamin C (mg) 1 | 28 | 28 | 349 (97.5) | 388(98.2) | 96 (100) | 141 (99.3) | 96 (100) | 141 (99.3) |
| Vitamin D (µg) 2 | 5 1 | 5 1 | 17 (4.7) | 5 (1.3) | 11 (11.5) * | 3 (2.1) | 33 (34.4) | 38 (26.8) |
| Vitamin E (mg) 2 | 10 1 | 8 1 | 90 (25.1) | 96 (24.3) | 56 (58.3) * | 33 (23.2) | 56 (58.3) | 57 (40.1) |
EAR, Estimated Average Requirement; AI, Adequate Intake [27]. 1 EAR; 2 AI; * Significant difference in the percentage of adolescents meeting the EAR or AI from food sources only between supplement users and non-users (p < 0.05).