Severson 2009

Methods	Country: USA Recruitment: Active duty military ST users attending annual examination at military dental clinics, asked to participate irrespective of motivation to quit
Participants	785 active‐duty military personnel using ST
Interventions	1. Minimal contact behavioral treatment consisting of ST cessation manual, videotape cessation guide tailored for military personnel, 3 x15 min telephone counselling sessions using motivational interviewing methods 2. Usual care: recommendations to quit using ST and referral to extant local tobacco cessation programs
Outcomes	PP, repeated PP (3 & 6m, all tobacco), and prolonged abstinence at 3 and 6 mo (ST only). Prolonged ST abstinence at 6m used in analyses.
Notes	Though minimal in face‐to‐face contact, which apparently occurred only at the annual evaluation session and then for recruitment, the intervention was not minimal in time expenditure.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Enrollment material mailed to Oregon Research Institute where participants were randomized.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Names/phone numbers of behavioral intervention participants sent to military phone counselling staff.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Incomplete data not different in terms of condition, race/ethnicity, rank, readiness to quit, age, first tobacco use, or time to 1st chew. Completed 6m assessment ‐ Intervention 69.9% & usual care 75.6%