Stevens 1995

Methods	Country: USA Recruitment: Hygiene patients in HMO dental offices
Participants	518 male ST users
Interventions	Intervention: soft‐tissue exam, cleaning, patient education, feedback on oral health and advice on self care, report of keratotic lesions asking where tobacco was placed, hygienist‐directed advice to quit, dentists' strong advice to quit, 9 min video, setting a quit date, self‐help booklet, 24‐hour advice phone line, kit providing oral substitutes and tip sheets with advice on how to quit, 1w follow‐up call by hygienist, plus monthly mailing of tip sheets and newsletter Control: usual care
Outcomes	12m 7‐day PP all tobacco abstinence 12m 7‐day PP ST abstinence 12m all tobacco sustained abstinence: subjects must have reported no tobacco use in the last 7 days at the 3m and 12m assessments (used in analyses) 12m ST tobacco abstinence: subjects must have reported no ST use in the last 7 days at the 3m and 12m assessments Abstinence verification: None
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Pseudo‐randomized by clinic identification number
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Allocation not concealed at time of enrolment
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	High numbers lost to follow‐up: 51.9% (intervention) and 53.7% (control)