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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Elder Abuse Negl. 2014;26(2):107–122. doi: 10.1080/08946566.2013.821809

Table 1. Characteristics of cohort and correlations with susceptibility to scams.

Variable (units or range) Mean (or n) SD (or %) Correlation with scams (or F) p-value
Age (years) 82.44 7.57 0.29 <0.001
Sex (male) 148 23.2% F=0.00 0.97
Race (not white, Hispanic) 56 8.8% F=0.60 0.44
Education (years) 15.20 2.99 -0.10 0.010
Income* 7.10 2.41 -0.15 <0.001
Susceptibility to Scams (1-7) 2.88 0.70 -- --
Cognition
Global cognition 0.22 0.55 -0.28 <0.001
Episodic memory 0.32 0.72 -0.21 <0.001
Semantic memory 0.24 0.61 -0.22 <0.001
Visuospatial ability 0.22 0.73 -0.10 0.011
Perceptual speed 0.10 0.81 -0.30 <0.001
Working memory 0.13 0.72 -0.15 <0.001
Functional Status
Chronic medical conditions 0.82 0.92 -0.013 0.75
Frailty 0.04 0.58 0.19 <0.001
ADLs 0.38 1.01 0.10 <0.001
IADLs 1.45 1.89 0.19 <0.001
Physical activity 3.32 3.50 -0.079 0.045
Life space 5.50 1.04 -0.12 0.002
Psychosocial
Depression 1.03 1.63 0.076 0.057
Well-being 5.48 0.60 -0.24 <0.001
Neuroticism 14.05 7.00 0.098 0.013
Extraversion 32.35 6.04 -0.029 0.47
Loneliness 2.20 0.61 0.091 0.021
Social networks (number of contacts) 6.45 5.72 -0.016 0.69
Social support 4.36 0.70 -0.14 <0.001
Literacy
Financial literacy 72 17 -0.26 <0.001
Health literacy 61 19 -0.22 <0.001
Total literacy** 67 15 -0.28 <0.001
*

Income range: 1 (<$5,000) to 10 (>$75,000). A score of 7 represents an annual income of $30,000–$34,999.

**

average of financial and health literacy.