Table 1.
Patient demographic characteristics.
| Patient characteristics | No SSI(n = 1233) | Any SSI (n = 136) | Total (N = 1369) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 64.3 (11.5) | 63.8 (12.6) | 64.2 (11.6) | .76 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 32.8 (9.0) | 38.0 (10.6) | 33.3 (9.3) | <.001 |
| ASA score >2, no. (%) | 464 (37.6) | 81 (59.6) | 545 (39.8) | <.001 |
| Past medical history, no. (%) | ||||
| Smoking status | .01 | |||
| No smoking history | 832 (67.5) | 82 (60.3) | 914 (66.8) | |
| Former smoker | 321 (26.0) | 36 (26.5) | 357 (26.1) | |
| Current smoker | 80 (6.5) | 18 (13.2) | 98 (7.2) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 242 (19.6) | 40 (29.4) | 282 (20.6) | .007 |
| Hypertension | 636 (51.6) | 81 (59.6) | 717 (52.4) | .08 |
| Sleep apnea | 75 (6.1) | 18 (13.2) | 93 (6.8) | .002 |
| Prior operation within 30 d | 209 (17.0) | 24 (17.6) | 233 (17.0) | .84 |
| Prior cardiac event/intervention | 67 (5.4) | 8 (5.9) | 75 (5.5) | .83 |
| Pulmonary dysfunction | 182 (14.8) | 39 (28.7) | 221 (16.1) | <.001 |
| Vascular disease | 15 (1.2) | 3 (2.2) | 18 (1.3) | .41 |
| Bleeding disorders | 6 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (.04) | .99 |
| Long-term corticosteroid use | 22 (1.8) | 4 (2.9) | 26 (1.9) | .32 |
| Current open wound | 7 (0.6) | 1 (0.7) | 8 (0.6) | .57 |
| History of MRSA infection | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.7) | 5 (0.4) | .41 |
| Preoperative laboratory values, no. (%)b | ||||
| Hematocrit <36% | 235 (20.4) | 37 (28.7) | 272 (21.2) | .03 |
| Glucose >110 mg/dL | 400 (35.9) | 56 (44.1) | 456 (36.7) | .07 |
| Albumin ≤3.0 g/dL | 15 (5.3) | 2 (5.7) | 17 (5.4) | .99 |
| Creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL | 45 (3.8) | 10 (7.6) | 55 (4.2) | .04 |
| AST >40 U/L | 28 (7.8) | 8 (17.8) | 36 (8.9) | .05 |
| Total bilirubin ≥1.1 mg/dL | 9 (4.6) | 1 (4.2) | 10 (4.6) | .99 |
| Platelet count <400 × 109/L | 80 (6.9) | 13 (10.1) | 93 (7.2) | .19 |
| Surgical characteristics, no. (%) | ||||
| Surgical approach | <.001 | |||
| Planned laparotomy | 988 (80.1) | 123 (90.4) | 1111 (81.2) | |
| MIS converted to laparotomy | 67 (5.4) | 11 (8.1) | 78 (5.7) | |
| MIS | 178 (14.4) | 2 (1.5) | 180 (13.1) | |
| Pelvic lymphadenectomy only | 805 (65.3) | 99 (72.8) | 904 (66.0) | .08 |
| Para-aortic lymphadenectomy only | 617 (50.0) | 83 (61.0) | 700 (51.1) | .02 |
| Pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy | 811 (65.8) | 100 (73.5) | 911 (66.5) | .07 |
| Splenectomy | 10 (0.8) | 3 (2.2) | 13 (0.9) | .13 |
| Small- or large-bowel resection | 22 (1.8) | 8 (5.9) | 30 (2.2) | .01 |
| Panniculectomy | 144 (11.7) | 22 (16.2) | 166 (12.1) | .13 |
| Process-of-care characteristics | ||||
| Antibiotic prophylaxis ≤60 min of incision | 929 (75.3) | 102 (75.0) | 1031 (75.3) | .93 |
| Operative time, mean (SD), min | 162.5 (81.0) | 189.7 (80.2) | 165.2 (81.3) | <.001 |
| EBL, mean (SD), mL | 408.9 (426.0) | 557.2 (440.5) | 423.6 (429.6) | <.001 |
| Intraoperative PRBCT receipt, no. (%) | 159 (12.9) | 38 (27.9) | 197 (14.4) | <.001 |
| Lowest intraoperative temperature, mean (SD), °C | 35.4 (0.7) | 35.3 (0.8) | 35.4 (0.7) | .41 |
| Ending intraoperative temperature, mean (SD), °C | 35.9 (0.7) | 35.9 (0.8) | 35.9 (0.7) | .98 |
| FIGO stage ≥ III, no. (%) | 229 (18.6) | 39 (28.7) | 268 (19.6) | .005 |
| Postoperative glucose >120 mg/dL, no. (%)b | 336 (78.7) | 67 (88.2) | 403 (80.1) | .06 |
| Postoperative hematocrit <36%, no. (%)b | 1144 (93.4) | 130 (96.3) | 1274 (93.7) | .19 |
| Time from surgery to discharge, mean (SD), d | 4.3 (2.8) | 7.2 (8.8) | 4.6 (3.9) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; EBL, estimated blood loss; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; MIS, minimally invasive surgery; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; PRBCT, plasma and red blood cell transfusion; SSI, surgical site infection.
a
χ2 or Fisher exact test for categorical variables; Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.
b
Missing laboratory values for differing numbers of patients.