Crude incidence rate of end-stage renal disease (per 1,000 person-years) by (A) category of estimated glomerular filtration rate and (B) category of albuminuria. Solid lines represent studies which assessed albuminuria using albumin:creatinine ratio (categories: <30, 30–299, 300–999, ≥1,000 mg/g). Dashed lines represent studies which assessed albuminuria using protein:creatinine ratio (categories: <50, 50–499, 500–1,499, ≥1,500 mg/g). Dotted lines represent studies which assessed albuminuria using dipstick protein (categories: −/±, +, ++, ≥+++). Points with ≤5 participants are excluded.