Table 1.
Participating studies and incidence of mortality and end-stage renal disease
| Study design | Source / Intervention | N | Mortality | End-stage renal disease | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follow-up, years | # Events | Incidence rate† | Follow-up, years | # Events | Incidence rate† | ||||
| Studies with Albumin:Creatinine Ratio | |||||||||
| British Columbia[9] | Observational | Referred | 13,038 | 2.8 | 2449 | 66.1 | 2.5 | 2,222 | 68.9 |
| CRIB[10] | Observational | Referred | 308 | 6.1 | 115 | 61.4 | 4.2 | 149 | 115.3 |
| Grampian-ACR[23] | Observational | Identified by laboratory results | 208 | 2.7 | 94 | 166.0 | - | - | - |
| MASTERPLAN[12] | Clinical trial | Nurse practitioner-aided care | 620 | 4.1 | 50 | 19.8 | 4.1 | 61 | 24.8 |
| NephroTest[14] | Observational | Referred | 1021 | - | - | - | 2.5 | 142 | 55.1 |
| RENAAL[8] | Clinical trial | Losartan | 1513 | 2.8 | 313 | 67.2 | 3.4 | 341 | 79.3 |
| Steno[17] | Observational | Clinic | 380 | 8.9 | 115 | 33.9 | 7.5 | 54 | 18.6 |
| Overall | 17,088 | - | 3,136 | - | - | 2969 | - | ||
|
| |||||||||
|
Studies with Protein:Creatinine Ratio
| |||||||||
| AASK[7] | Clinical trial, followed by observational study | Antihypertensives and blood pressure goal | 1,084 | 8.7 | 250 | 26.4 | 7.5 | 311 | 38.5 |
| Grampian-PCR[23] | Observational | Identified by laboratory results | 159 | 2.3 | 94 | 254.7 | - | - | - |
| MDRD[6] | Clinical trial, followed by observational study | Dietary protein restriction | 839 | 9.5 | 208 | 26.1 | 6.2 | 553 | 105.8 |
| MMKD[13] | Observational | Referred | 203 | - | - | - | 4.0 | 73 | 89.8 |
| REIN[15] | Clinical trial | Ramipril | 352 | - | - | - | 2.6 | 81 | 88.8 |
| REIN 2[16] | Clinical trial | Ramipril | 335 | - | - | - | 1.9 | 72 | 113.0 |
| Overall | 2,972 | - | 552 | - | - | 1,090 | - | ||
|
| |||||||||
|
Studies with Dipstick Proteinuria
| |||||||||
| Kaiser Permanente Northwest[11] | Observational | Identified by laboratory results | 1,628 | 4.5 | 686 | 92.6 | 4.4 | 98 | 13.6 |
|
| |||||||||
| Overall | 21,688 | - | 4,374 | - | - | 4,157 | - | ||
†
per 1,000 person-years; AASK: African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension; CRIB: Chronic Renal Impairment in Birmingham; MASTERPLAN: Multifactorial Approach and Superior Treatment Efficacy in Renal Patients with the Aid of a Nurse Practicioner; MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; MMKD: Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease Study; REIN: Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy; REIN 2: Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy 2; RENAAL: Reduction of Endpoints in Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan; Steno: Steno Type 1 Diabetes Study