. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;36(1):109–119. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2013.01.011

Table 1.

The summary of the RCTs of Tai Chi and Qigong for mental disorders

	Positive Findings	Negative Findings
Depression	Thirteen studies with significant positive findings,^{11,21,33,34,61,63,65–73,93}; only 2 with clinically diagnosed depression populations^21,72	One study did not find effect on depressive symptoms⁶³
Stress	Four studies with significant positive findings,⁶⁰ subjective stress measures,^45,60–63 body temperature,⁶² and salivary cortisol levels^45,60	One study did not find effect on subjective stress measures⁶³
Anxiety	Eight studies with significant positive effects⁶⁷	One study had negative findings on anxiety^35,63
Mood and psychological well-being	Seven studies with significant positive effects^93,94	One study did not find positive effect on mood⁶⁶
Self-esteem	One study with significant positive effects⁵⁸	Two without positive effect^65,95
Parkinson disease	Three studies with significant positive effects^89,90,96
TBI	Two studies with significant positive effects^91,97	None reported
Sleep disturbance	Three studies with significant positive effects^67,83,91	None reported
Substance abuse	One study with significant positive effects⁸⁶	None reported
Cognitive functioning	Two studies with significant positive effects^88,98	None reported