Table I.
Pro- and anti-apoptotic factors in neurons.
| Pro-apoptotic (Refs.) | Anti-apoptotic (Refs.) |
|---|---|
| NF-κB (30) | Bcl-2 (31,32) |
| Bax (32–35) | Bcl-x(L) (31,32,34) |
| Bak (34) | IAPs (36,37) |
| Bad (32,38) | CrmA (39) |
| Bid (32) | FLIPs (40) |
| Caspase-3, -6, -8, -9 (35,41–43) | IGF-1 (44) |
| TNF-α (35) | TGF-β (38) |
| p53 (33) | p35 (45) |
| Fas/FasL (35) | ARC (46) |
| Cytochrome c (41) | VEGF (47) |
| AIF (48) |
TNF, tumor necrosis factor; AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor; Bcl, B-cell lymphoma; IAPs, inhibitors of apoptosis; Crm, cytokine response modifier; FLIPs, FADD-like interleukin-1 β-converting enzyme (FLICE)-inhibitory proteins; TGF, transforming growth factor; ARC, apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.