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. 2013 Nov-Dec;18(6):323–327. doi: 10.1155/2013/813867

TABLE 2.

Most common pain types and intensity (scored 0 to 10) reported according to Gross Motor Function Classification System level (9) for all types of pain

Gross Motor Function Classification System level Pain source*
Most common Second most common Third most common
I (ambulant without assistance; n=5) Stretching (3.0±0.0; 3–3) Accidental (1.5±0.71; 1–2)
II (ambulant without assistive devices, limitations outside home; n=2) Stretching (5.5±3.54; 3–8)
III (ambulant with assistive devices, wheelchair required outside home; n=9) Stretching (3.0±1.63; 1–5) Accidental (6.0±0.0; 6–6)
IV (nonambulatory, self-mobile in wheelchair with limitations; n=8) Stretching (6.2±2.77; 3–10) Accidental (6.0±2.83; 4–8) Positioning (4.0±1.41; 3–5)
V (nonambulatory, self-mobility very limited; n=10) Stretching (4.17±0.98; 3–5) Musculoskeletal (4.67±0.58; 4–5) Gastrointestinal (4.67±3.79; 2–9)

Data presented as mean ± SD; range.

*

Pain source is not listed if only one participant reported experiencing that type of pain