Figure 6. Ts1 induces TLR2- or TLR4/MyD88-dependent activation of NF-κB and TLR2- or TLR4/MyD88-independent activation of AP-1 in stimulated macrophages.

Adherent peritoneal macrophages from WT (C57Bl/6), TLR2^−/−, TLR4^−/− or MYD88^−/− mice were stimulated with Ts1 (50 µg/ml) for 10 or 120 min in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere at 37°C. The p-NF-κB (a, d), p-IκBα (b, e) and p-c-Jun (c, f) protein levels were determined using the PathScan Inflammation Multi-Target Sandwich ELISA kit, as described in the Materials and Methods section. The results are presented as a percentage of the phosphoprotein level in non-stimulated control cell lysate (dashed line). *p<0.05 (one-way ANOVA) compared to WT. The values represent the means ± SD (n = 4), and the data are from 2 independent experiments.