Table 1. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study groups.
| Normoglycemia (n = 81) | Impaired fasting glucose (n = 49) | Hyperglycemia (n = 32) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 46.53 ± 0.89 | 46.22 ± 1.06 | 47.66 ± 1.51 |
| Gender | M-39, F-42 | M-25, F- 24 | M-14, F-18 |
| Height (m) | 1.58 ± 0.01 | 1.59 ± 0.01 | 1.6 ± 0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 59.68 ± 1.18 | 65.75 ± 1.22b | 65.83 ± 1.54a |
| BMICal (kg/m2) | 23.72 ± 0.36 | 25.92 ± 0.35b | 25.85 ± 0.57a |
| Waist (cm) | 83.49 ± 1.06 | 91.21 ± 1.06b | 90.78 ± 1.48b |
| Hip (cm) | 97.20 ± 0.82 | 102.56 ± 0.9b | 104.05 ± 1.25b |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.86 ± 0.01 | 0.89 ± 0.01a | 0.87 ± 0.01 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.63 ± 0.1 | 5.22 ± 0.15a | 5.14 ± 0.21 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.52 ± 0.09 | 2.30 ± 0.17b | 2.75 ± 0.35a |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.05 ± 0.03 | 0.93 ± 0.03a | 0.87 ± 0.03b |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.99 ± 0.08 | 3.39 ± 0.14a | 3.21 ± 0.21 |
| Very low density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 0.68 ± 0.04 | 1.04 ± 0.08b | 1.24 ± 0.16a |
| TC/ HDL | 4.65 ± 0.13 | 5.78 ± 0.22b | 6.08 ± 0.31b |
| Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 10.3 ± 0.63 | 9.15 ± 0.7 | 10.9 ± 1.09 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (U/L) | 21.03 ± 1 | 25.92 ± 3.7 | 23.4 ± 1.84 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (U/L) | 18.69 ± 0.86 | 28.38 ± 4.77a | 26.04 ± 3.11 |
| AST/ ALT | 1.2 ± 0.04 | 1.03 ± 0.04a | 1.01 ± 0.05a |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (U/L) | 81.22 ± 2.5 | 91.93 ± 4.3a | 104.40 ± 4.51b |
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTLI) (U/L) | 22.92 ± 2.14 | 34.36 ± 4.6a | 39.18 ± 5.06a |
| High sensitivity C reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 0.39 ± 0.04 | 0.53 ± 0.07a |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.98 ± 0.04 | 6.25 ± 0.06b | 10.42 ± 0.79b, c |
| HbA1c mmol/mol; (%) | 36 ± 0.5; (5.42 ± 0.05) | 44 ± 0.9; (6.14 ± 0.08b) | 65 ± 4.3; (8.1 ± 0.39b, c) |
Data are represented as mean ± SE. aP < 0.05 compared with normoglycemia, bP < 0.001 compared with normoglycemia, cP < 0.001 compared with impaired fasting glucose.