Fig. 1.

Ad entry into non-immune cells, HAdVs attached to CAR and to integrins promotes endocytosis. CAR receptors and alpha v integrin coreceptors trigger the initial uncoating, leading to exposure of protein VI that facilitates endosomal penetration. Ad receptor-mediated endocytosis also involves clathrin, dynamin, Eps15, Rab5 GTPase subfamily proteins, and actin dynamics by Rho GTPases. Ad particles that escaped are then transported by the dynein motor on microtubules to the nuclear pore complex, where viral DNA is injected in and transcription begins