Cost-utility of lateral-flow urine LAM, according to specificity, TB prevalence, and life expectancy after TB cure in South Africa. Grey shading indicates that the existing diagnostic strategy (without Xpert MTB/RIF) would be preferred at a willingness to pay (WTP) of $7,275, while white shading indicates that addition of lateral-flow urine LAM would be preferred at this WTP threshold. Thus, for example, assuming a life expectancy of 1.5 years and assay specificity of 95%, lateral-flow urine LAM would be the preferred testing strategy in South Africa if deployed in populations with a probability of finding active TB that is greater than 5% (panel A, transition from white to grey).