Table 2. Descriptive statistics for males and females, separately for twins, siblings and parents.
| Males | Females | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Meana (SD) | Mediana (range) | Correlations withb | Meana (SD) | Mediana (range) | Correlations withb | |||||
|
|
|
|||||||||
| ALT | AST | Age | ALT | AST | Age | |||||
| Twins | ||||||||||
| GGT | 36.1 (34.6) | 28 (9–820) | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.22c | 24.3 (24.9) | 20 (8–819) | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.21c |
| ALT | 12.9 (7.06) | 11 (3–75) | 0.63 | −0.10d | 9.1 (5.1) | 8 (3–97) | 0.53 | 0.06d | ||
| AST | 23.7 (8.09) | 22 (11–122) | 0.05e | 19.4 (6.7) | 18 (9–107) | 0.20e | ||||
| Age | 35.4 (11.0) | 32 (18–77) | 36.5 (11.0) | 33 (18–90) | ||||||
| Siblings | ||||||||||
| GGT | 36.9 (34.5) | 29 (13–564) | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.20c | 25.2 (22.1) | 20 (8–439) | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.18c |
| ALT | 12.3 (6.8) | 11 (3–54) | 0.55 | −0.11d | 9.6 (6.2) | 8 (3–100) | 0.52 | 0.07d | ||
| AST | 23.8 (12.1) | 22 (11–220) | 0.08e | 19.6 (7.1) | 18 (9–142) | 0.20e | ||||
| Age | 40.2 (13.3) | 36 (18–82) | 42.2 (10.3) | 42 (18–84) | ||||||
| Parents | ||||||||||
| GGT | 45.4 (40.5) | 34 (14–456) | 0.27 | 0.40 | −0.04c | 33.9 (40.4) | 25 (10–867) | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.06c |
| ALT | 10.8 (6.4) | 10 (3–107) | 0.52 | −0.16d | 9.4 (5.5) | 8 (3–89) | 0.51 | −0.07d | ||
| AST | 23.5 (8.3) | 22 (7–111) | −0.06e | 21.3 (7.3) | 20 (7–128) | 0.09e | ||||
| Age | 61.4 (7.0) | 60 (33–89)f | 60.1 (7.8) | 59 (19–90)f | ||||||
| Spousesg | ||||||||||
| GGT | 41.2 (75.4) | 27 (14–917) | 0.49 | 0.57 | 0.22c | 24.2 (18.9) | 20 (9–181) | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.31c |
| ALT | 12.5 (7.2) | 11 (3–54) | 0.65 | −0.05d | 8.9 (4.1) | 8 (3–28) | 0.52 | 0.06d | ||
| AST | 24.4 (9.3) | 22 (14–92) | 0.19e | 19.2 (5.2) | 19 (12–41) | 0.16e | ||||
| Age | 42.5 (10.7) | 39 (25–71) | 38.7 (12.4) | 34 (22–76) | ||||||
Untransformed liver enzyme levels
ln-transformed liver enzyme levels
In the genetic models for GGT, two betas for the age regression were estimated: fathers −0.32, others 1.16, and four means (male/female offspring, fathers, mothers)
In the genetic models for ALT, four betas for the age regression were estimated: male offspring −0.52, fathers −1.29, female offspring 0.56, mothers −0.25, and two sex-specific means
In the genetic models for AST, two betas for the age regression were estimated: males 0.02, females 0.63, and two sex-specific means
Minimum age for parents who participated with their offspring (aged 18+) was 45 for mothers and 48 for fathers; lower ages in the parental group reflect those of parents of twins who were younger than 18 at the time of the assessment
Data of spouses were included in the analyses on the mechanism underlying spousal resemblance, not in the genetic analyses