Fig. 5.

The penetration of PI is slower than that of YP1 in healthy mouse liver, as opposed to RFA patient samples. a The edge of the healthy mouse liver sample shows a large number of both YP1 positive and PI positive nuclei with YP1 staining appearing earlier and covering more of the sample after 30 min of incubation. b Relatively intact healthy mouse liver shows significantly higher YP1 than PI signal, indicating that membrane pores allowing YP1 penetration can occur very early after any manipulation of the hepatocytes even in absence of mechanical damage to the tissue. c The human RFA patient sample shows ubiquitous YP1 and PI staining in all cells regardless of the size or location in the sample. This is most likely an indication of advanced injury and irreversible apoptosis due to the ablation treatment