Table 1.
The chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index in cultured human lymphocytes treated with ZnO Nanomaterials
| Test substance | Treatment | Aberrations | Abnormal Cell ± SH (%) | CA/Cell ± SH | MI ± SH (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period (h) | Dose (μg/mL) | B′ | B″ | F | DC | SU | CE | ||||
| Control | 24 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | – | – | – | 2.50 ± 1.10 | 0.030 ± 0.012 | 5.83 ± 0.30 |
| MMC | 24 | 0.20 | 22 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 8 | 24.50 ± 1.69 | 0.310 ± 0.032 | 3.43 ± 0.35 |
| ZnO | 24 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 4 | – | – | – | 8.50 ± 1.97** | 0.085 ± 0.020* | 3.03 ± 0.22*** |
| 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | – | – | – | 6.00 ± 1.68 | 0.065 ± 0.017 | 3.75 ± 0.25*** | ||
| 5 | 7 | 4 | 4 | – | – | – | 7.50 ± 1.86* | 0.075 ± 0.019* | 3.68 ± 0.24*** | ||
| 10 | 11 | 5 | 1 | – | – | – | 7.50 ± 1.86* | 0.085 ± 0.020* | 3.11 ± 0.22*** | ||
| 15 | 5 | 5 | 1 | – | – | – | 5.50 ± 1.61 | 0.055 ± 0.016 | 4.15 ± 0.26*** | ||
| 20 | 13 | 2 | 3 | – | – | – | 9.00 ± 2.02** | 0.090 ± 0.020* | 2.76 ± 0.21*** | ||
| Control | 48 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | – | – | – | 3.50 ± 1.30 | 0.035 ± 0.013 | 5.55 ± 0.30 |
| MMC | 48 | 0.20 | 30 | 14 | 10 | 5 | 13 | 10 | 32.50 ± 2.26 | 0.410 ± 0.034 | 4.15 ± 0.45 |
| ZnO | 48 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4 | – | – | – | 7.00 ± 1.80 | 0.070 ± 0.018 | 6.15 ± 0.31 |
| 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | – | – | 6.50 ± 1.74 | 0.070 ± 0.018 | 5.92 ± 0.31 | ||
| 5 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 1 | – | – | 8.00 ± 1.92 | 0.085 ± 0.020* | 5.81 ± 0.30 | ||
| 10 | 15 | 8 | 2 | – | – | – | 11.50 ± 2.26** | 0.125 ± 0.023** | 6.38 ± 0.32 | ||
| 15 | 4 | 1 | 3 | – | – | – | 4.00 ± 1.39 | 0.040 ± 0.014 | 6.03 ± 0.31 | ||
| 20 | 3 | 5 | 2 | – | – | – | 5.00 ± 1.54 | 0.050 ± 0.015 | 5.75 ± 0.30 | ||
Totally 200 cells were scored for each treatment in Abnormal Cell and CA/cell, and 3000 cells were scored for each treatment in MI
B′ chromatid break, B″ chromosome break, F fragment, DC dicentric chromosome, SU sister union, CE chromatid exchange, MI mitotic index
* Significant from the control P < 0.05 (z test)
** Significant from the control P < 0.01 (z test)
*** Significant from the control P < 0.001 (z test)