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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 10.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2013 Sep 10;27(14):2181–2190. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283639804

Figure 4. Maraviroc and a bivalent CCR5 antagonist differentially inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines from primary human glia.

Figure 4

Protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and RANTES were measured by ELISA from supernatants of HIV-1 infected astroglia (A) and microglia (B). Values are based on standard curves ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. (*p < 0.005 vs. un-infected cells; $p < 0.05 vs. R5 HIV-1; #p <0.05 vs. R5 + morphine (M); p < 0.05 vs. R5 + maraviroc (MVC); §p < 0.05 vs. R5 + M + MVC; Фp < 0.05 vs. bivalent (BVL) + M).