Figure 5.

Effect of metformin on epidermal mTORC1 and AMPK in the absence or presence of TPA treatment. Pooled protein lysates were prepared from epidermal scrapings of FVB/N mice (n=5/group) undergoing a multiple treatment regimen of either acetone (vehicle), metformin alone (250 mg/kg), 6.8 nmol TPA alone, or metformin+TPA (50 or 250 mg/kg BW/day). A, Representative Western blot analyses of p-p70S6K, p-S6 ribosomal, PDCD4 and p-4EBP1. B, Representative Western blot analyses of epidermal p-AMPK. C, Quantification of Western blots from three independent experiments. Expression levels were normalized to β-actin and averaged. * Indicates significantly different from the TPA-treated group (p<0.05, Mann Whitney U-test). ** Indicates significantly different values between the indicated treatment groups (p<0.05, Mann Whitney U-test).