Table 6.
Opportunities and measures for energy savings in wood furniture industry [27].
| Electricity | General measures | (i) Switching off equipment when not in use |
| (ii) Load management and demand control | ||
| (iii) Power factor correction | ||
| (iv) Replacement of old transformers | ||
| (v) Tariff system | ||
| Electric motors | (i) Using efficient belt drives | |
| (ii) Replacing old and using high efficiency motors | ||
| (iii) Replacing overrated motors | ||
| (iv) Variable speed drives | ||
| Lighting | (i) Replacement and use of efficient lamps, ballasts and luminaries | |
| (ii) Lighting controls | ||
| (iii) Using daylight | ||
| (iv) Lighting maintenance | ||
| Compressed air | (i) COMPRESSED AIR PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION (selection of a compressor and adequate control system, adjusting working pressure, heat recovery from hot compressed air, choosing proper location for installing a compressor, sizing of the compressor suction line, air dryer selection, equipment maintenance) | |
| (ii) COMPRESSED AIR DISTRIBUTION (leakage prevention and minimization, proper design, and selection of receivers, proper dimensioning of lines) | ||
| (iii) COMPRESSED AIR USAGE (prevention of improper usage, filtration and lubrication, equipment maintenance, usage of efficient air guns) | ||
| Dust collection and transport system | (i) Proper design and construction of hoods-control of air velocity in the pipe | |
| (ii) Proper sizing of pneumatic pipelines, selection of standard system components, and proper location of their placement | ||
| (iii) Balancing pneumatic network lines | ||
| (iv) Replacing the overrating fans | ||
| (v) Selecting high efficiency fans | ||
| (vi) Improving the energy efficiency of fan's electric motor drive | ||
| (vii) Leakage repair | ||
| (viii) Proper maintenance of components (motors and fans, separators, etc.) and whole system (leakage prevention) | ||
| Heat | Boilers (heat generation) | (i) Proper boiler sizing |
| (ii) Proper selection and construction of the system for the supply of waste wood material | ||
| (iii) Proper selection and construction of a firebox | ||
| (iv) Control of combustion process (control and reduction of excess air, proper mixing of fuel and air, control of the combustible gas residence time), improved boiler insulation, | ||
| (v) Boiler maintenance | ||
| (vi) Reducing heat loss in flue gases (minimizing flue gas outlet temperature, minimizing the amount of flue gas output, reducing air infiltration) | ||
| (vii) Regeneration of waste heat from flue gasses (using economizers) | ||
| (viii) Condensate return (steam systems) | ||
| (ix) Blow-down heat recovery and so forth | ||
| Hot water or steam distribution |
(i) Insulation improvement | |
| (ii) Insulation maintenance | ||
| (iii) Steam tarp replacement and maintenance (steam systems) | ||
| (iv) Leakage reduction | ||
| (v) Recovering flash steam (steam systems) | ||
| (vi) Electronic control and so forth | ||
| Heat use—space heating | (i) Adjustment and control of heating temperature | |
| (ii) Building insulation | ||
| (iii) Compressor waste heat usage | ||
| Heat use—process heating (dryers) | (i) Controlling drying process parameters | |
| (ii) Controlling the amount and distribution of timber in a dryer | ||
| (iii) Installation of a recuperator in the ventilation system | ||
| (iv) Insulation of kilns and so forth |