Table 1.
Activity of the genes analyzed
| Deleted yeast gene | Human homolog | Biological function | Associated mammalian syndome | Yeast mutator genetic assays | |
| CAN1r [rate (×10−7)*] | GCR assay [rate (×10−9)*,†] | ||||
| WT | — | — | — | 2.80 (1) | 0.35 (1) |
| CAC1 and CAC3 | CAF1 subunits | Chromatin-assembly factor | CAF-1 is overexpressed in breast tumors | 1.16 (0.4) | 690 (1971) |
| PIF1 | hPIF1 | Helicase with telomerase inhibitor activity; involved in maintenance of mitochondrial genome | Unknown | 20.41 (7) | 353 (1,009) |
| POL32 | POLD3 | Subunit of polymerase δ involved in DNA replication | Unknown | 2.81 (1) | 0.65 (2) |
| TSA1 | PRDX1 | Thioredoxin peroxidase involved in oxidative stress response | Lymphoma, carcinoma, and sarcoma | 19.25 (7) | 6 (17) |
| MSH2 | hMSH2 | Protein playing a key role in the mismatch repair process | Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer | 59.60 (21) | 4 (11) |
| RAD27 | FEN1 | Flap endonuclease involved in DNA replication and repair | Lung adenoma and adenocarcinoma | 95.87 (34) | 320 (914) |
| MEC1 and TEL1‡ | ATR and ATM | DNA damage/S-phase checkpoints | Ataxia telangiectasia | 482.49 (172) | 4,500 (12,857) |
| CLB5 | CCNB1 | B-type cyclin involved in DNA replication during S-phase | Unknown | 2.28 (0.8) | 0.22 (6) |
| MRE11 | hMRE11 | Protein involved in DSB repair, NHEJ, and telomere metabolism | Ataxia telangiectasia-like disorder (ATLD) | 20.81 (7) | 220 (629) |
Mammalian orthologs and diseases associated with their deficiencies are indicated.
*
Average mutation rate of the WT and parental mutator strains (G0) in the CANr (present results) and GCR (6) reporter assays. The relative fold increase over the WT strain is reported in parentheses.
‡
The sml1Δ mutation is necessary to suppress the lethality of the mec1Δ mutation (47). In the text, the mec1Δ tel1Δ sml1Δ genotype is abbreviated to mec1Δ tel1Δ.